對蝦蝦仁及其加工副產物營養組成與安全狀況分析

郝淑賢，鄧建朝，李來好，石 紅，楊賢慶，黃 卉，魏 涯，戚 勃

（中國水產科學研究院南海水產研究，農業部水產品加工重點實驗室，國家水產品加工技術研發中心，廣東廣州510300）

對蝦蝦仁及其加工副產物營養組成與安全狀況分析

郝淑賢，鄧建朝，李來好，石 紅，楊賢慶，黃 卉，魏 涯，戚 勃

（中國水產科學研究院南海水產研究，農業部水產品加工重點實驗室，國家水產品加工技術研發中心，廣東廣州510300）

主要對凡納濱對蝦加工副產物營養組成及質量安全狀況進行了分析。結果表明，凡納濱對蝦加工副產物所占比例為47.6%，約占蝦體重量的一半。雖然蝦加工副產物中蛋白質含量明顯低于蝦仁，但該部位富含粗脂肪、灰分及蝦青素。蝦仁中以谷氨酸、天門冬氨酸、精氨酸和賴氨酸含量較高，而蝦加工副產物中則以谷氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量居多。蝦仁及蝦加工副產物中多不飽和脂肪酸含量約占其脂肪酸總量的33.09%～35.16%之間，但各部位脂肪酸組成差異不顯著。蝦頭中鈣含量明顯高于磷、鈉和鎂，而鐵含量則比較少。蝦仁中以鉀元素含量居多，而蝦頭及蝦殼中則以鈣含量居多。蝦頭和蝦殼中揮發性鹽基氮含量范圍在4.62～16.97mg/100g，細菌總數分布范圍在4.5×103～6.0×104cfu/g，均低于國家安全限量范圍，蝦頭中的鎘含量超出歐盟限量范圍，加工應用時應予以注意。

對蝦，副產物，營養組成，安全

Abstract：Nutritional components and safety conditions of processing by-products（heads，shells） of white shrimp（Litopeneaus vannamei） were investigated.By product contents were 47.6%（w/w） in white shrimp，which were almost half of the weights of whole shrimps.Crude protein contents of by-products muscle were lower than that of muscle，while by-products were rich in total fat，ash and astaxanthin.Glutamic acid，phenylalanine，lysine and arginine were the predominant amino acids in the protein fraction of muscle，while glutamic acid and phenylalanine were major amino acids in by products.MUFA in amount was among 33.09%～35.16%and there was no significant difference among fatty acids composition in different tissue.The calcium content（2600mg/100g）in head was higher than those of phosphorus（390mg/100g），sodium（140mg/100g） and magnesium（79mg/100g）while iron was present in trace amounts.The potassium content was higher in muscle and calcium content was higher in by-products.Volatile basic nitrogen（VBN） values of the processing by products were around 4.62～16.97mg/100g，number of viable cells（cfu/g） was 4.5×103～6.0×104cfu/g，which was lower than safety level of national and acceptable for seafood processing.Special attention should be payed on Cadmium content because the Cadmium content in shrimp head exceeded the limit of European Union.

Key words：white shrimp；by-product；nutritional components；safety

凡納濱對蝦（Litopenaeus vannamei）具有生長迅速、出肉率高、對蛋白飼料需求量低、抗病力強、適于高密度養殖及對鹽度的適應能力強等特點[1]，已成為“海蝦淡養”的優質品種，與斑節對蝦、中國對蝦并列為目前世界養殖產量最高的三大優良蝦種[2]。……