高考定語從句重難點簡析

定語從句是高中階段重要的語法項目之一，也是近幾年高考命題的熱點。但是高考中對定語從句的考查不只是簡單的測試引導(dǎo)詞的選用，而是使用各種手段增加試題的難度。

現(xiàn)將定語從句的重難點加以分析和歸類。

一、定語從句中的主謂一致

一般情況下定語從句中謂語動詞的選擇應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。

The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.

The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

但（1）John is one of the students who know English.

（3）John is the only one of the students who knows English.

在one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句中，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但one of 前有the，the only，等詞時，謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)。

二、定語從句中“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”

一般介詞+Whom指人，介詞+Which指物，從句中介詞的選擇方法有1.根據(jù)介詞和定語從句中謂語動詞的習慣搭配。2，根據(jù)定語從句意思需要。3，有時根據(jù)意思也可用復(fù)雜介詞如，as a result of ， in front of

1.Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.

A of which B with which

C about which D into which

答案為C。謂語動詞習慣搭配argue about.

2.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry there won’t be much work.

A where B that

C by which D without which

答案D，根據(jù)句意，確定介詞without。

三、定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的使用，要看先行詞在定語從句中所作的成分，缺狀語用關(guān)系副詞，缺其它成分用關(guān)系代詞。

（1）I will never forget the day that/which we spent together.

（2）I will never forget the day when we were together.

（1）句中關(guān)系詞作spent的賓語，所以用that/which或省略。（2）句中作狀語則用關(guān)系副詞when.

It''s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.（2009福建）

A that B when C which D where

答案D.關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語。

（1）This is the very room that I slept in that evening.

（2）This is the very room where I slept in the evening.

（3）This is the very room in which I slept in the evening.

（1）句中作in 的賓語，先行詞被very 修飾，只能用that.

（2）句中作狀語。（3）句介詞+關(guān)系代詞指物用which.

四、定語從句與其他從句

A.定語從句與并列句

（1）There are two boys in Peter''s， both of whom are white.

（2）There are two boys in Peter''s ，and both of them are white.

（1）句是含定語從句的復(fù)合句，（2）句有并列連詞and ，為并列句。

B.定語從句與主語從句

（1）As is known to us all， the earth is round.

（2）It is known to us all that the earth is round.

（3）What is known to us all is that the earth is round.

（1）句是 as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，（2）句是it作形式主語的主語從句，（3）句是what引起的主語從句

C.定語從句與強調(diào)句

（1）Was it October1，1949 when the People''s Republic of China was founded?

（2）Was it on October1， 1949 that the People''s Republic of China was founded?

句（1）是由關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，when可以用on which代替。

句（2）是強調(diào)句，強調(diào)句中的時間狀語on october1，1949.

D.定語從句與狀語從句

（1）This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet.

（2）This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet.

句（1）關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞places.句（2）是where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句。

（1）He is such an honest boy as I like.

（2）He is such an honest boy that I like him.

句（1）是定語從句，先行詞有such 修飾，as作like的賓語。句（2）是such...that的結(jié)果狀語從句。

E.定語從句與同位語從句

（1）The news that he told me is true .

（2）The news that he will come back from the U.S is true.

句（1）是定語從句，that作told的賓語，that也可由which代替。句（2）是同位語從句，that不作任何成分，只起鏈接作用，不能省略，不可由which代替。

總之，定語從句考查的方法多種多樣，需要我們在平時做題時多留心，分清題目考查的方式，了解定語從句“難題”的設(shè)置方法和考查趨勢，這樣做題就不再覺得棘手。