定語從句在語法填空中的分隔干擾現(xiàn)象

定語從句是高中英語語法學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，又是高考考查的熱點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一。在語法填空中，命題者往往通過定語從句的“分隔與干擾”作用巧妙設(shè)置干擾因素，從而使得題干結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，解題難度加大。本文擬通過典型例句的講解與分析，總結(jié)、歸納該現(xiàn)象在廣東高考語法填空中的命題特點(diǎn)。

一、定語從句對(duì)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的分隔

1. Anyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs 24 （ask） to send the band to Washington with a note telling where the bird was found.（2012佛山質(zhì)檢）

答案：is asked

分析：仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子，可以看出句中who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs為定語從句，修飾先行詞即主句的主語anyone，因此句子缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，而根據(jù)句子意思可知主語anyone是“被要求”去做某事，所以答案為is asked。

2. The country life he was used to ________（change） greatly since the opening policy.

答案：has changed

解析：仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子，可以看出句中 he was used to 為定語從句，省略的關(guān)系代詞that或者which， 修飾先行詞即主句的主語the country life，而不能對(duì)其后的謂語起任何作用，因此整個(gè)句子缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，而且句子中時(shí)間狀語since the opening policy一般與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，所以答案為has changed.

二、定語從句對(duì)賓語、定語或狀語的分隔

1. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village， I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused 40 . （2007廣東高考）

答案：her

解析：仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子，可以看出句中I had caused 40 是定語從句修飾前面提到的 the trouble，指代the trouble的關(guān)系代詞that或which被省略了，結(jié)合cause sb. sth.，可知缺表示人的間接賓語，故用her。

2. Can you tell me the way you thought of _______ （work） out the problem.

答案：to work

解析：仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子，可以看出該題考查的是雙層定語。即you thought of 為限制性定語從句，to work out the problem 為后置定語，這兩部分都用來限制賓語the way。該題如果忽視了定語從句的分隔作用，極容易誤填working，所以我們?cè)诮獯祟}時(shí)要排除定語從句you thought of的干擾，故答案為to work。

3. The young student did all that he could ______（pass） the examinations.

答案：to pass

解析：仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子，可以看出that he could （do） 是定語從句，修飾代詞all。 to pass the examinations 在句中作目的狀語。解題時(shí)應(yīng)排除定語從句that he could （do）的干擾，所以答案為to pass。

三、定語從句對(duì)賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的分隔

1. Mr. Green was disappointed to see that the washing machine she had had ______（repair） went wrong again.

答案：repaired

解析：仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子，可以看出該題考查have sth. done 結(jié)構(gòu)。此題的難點(diǎn)在于定語從句（that /which） she had had 把賓語（that/which）與賓補(bǔ)（repaired）分隔開來。代表先行詞the washing machine的關(guān)系代詞that /which 在從句中作had had的賓語被省略了，故句子中缺少賓語補(bǔ)足語done，所以答案為repaired。

2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ （carry） out the next year.

答案：carried

解析：仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子，可以看出該題考查see sth. done 結(jié)構(gòu)。that they would like to see... out the next year是定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作see的賓語，carry out作賓語補(bǔ)足語，而計(jì)劃是被執(zhí)行的，所以用過去分詞carried作賓補(bǔ)表被動(dòng)。

四、定語從句對(duì)一些固定句式的分隔

1. You can’t imagine the hard time she had _____（bring） up the children.

答案：bringing

解析：仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子，結(jié)合題意和詞義，可以斷定句中的she had 是定語從句，省略了關(guān)系代詞that或which，修飾前面的time。將其還原成正常句式則為：She had the hard time （in） bringing up the children，所以答案為bringing。

2. He explained to us the use he would make _______ the money to make more people support his plan.

答案：of

解析：仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子，可以看出該題考查make use of 短語。定語從句he would make of the money 省略了關(guān)系代詞that 或which，在從句中作make的賓語，指代use，所以答案為of。

五、定語從句對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的分隔

1. It is near the place ______ there is a bomb _____ we found the dead man.

答案：where；that

解析：仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子，該題考查的是含定語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。where there is bomb 是定語從句，修飾被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分the place，故正確答案為where； that。

2. It was in the lab ______ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang ______ they did the experiment.

答案：which； that

解析：仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子，該題考查的是含定語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。which was taken charge of by Professor Zhang是定語從句，修飾被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分in the lab，故正確答案為which；that。

六、定語從句對(duì)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的分隔

With everything she needed _____（buy）， she went home happily.

答案：bought

解析：仔細(xì)分析整個(gè)句子，該題考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法，其中she needed是定語從句，省略了關(guān)系代詞that，修飾先行詞everything。此處定語從句（that） she needed 的使用極容易干擾學(xué)生的思維，造成誤解，以為考查的是need to do，從而誤填to buy。而句子真正考查的是with sth. done，所以正確答案為bought。