【教學內容】Mike’s report:Seasons in Canada
【教學流程】
Step 1:Greetings
T:Good morning,boys and girls.
Ss:Good morning,Miss Gong.
T:Am I a woman?
Ss:No,you aren’t. Oh,good morning,Mr Gong.
(學生平時稱呼女教師用“Miss”,因此也習慣性地稱呼筆者“Miss Gong”。于是,筆者笑著問學生:Am I a woman?學生們會心一笑,恍然大悟,齊聲改口說“Mr Gong”。)
Step 2:Pretext teaching
T:It’s a little bit hot today. What’s the weather like in Haimen today?
S1:It’s sunny.
T:Yes, it’s sunny.
S2:It’s fine.
T:Sure, it’s fine.
(接著,筆者又分別提出了一些有關海門一年四季氣候的問題與學生進行交流,為下一環節的教學活動埋下伏筆。問題的提出,直奔主題,貼近學生的生活,讓學生自然習得英語。)
Step 3:Pre-reading
T:Today we’ll talk about“Seasons in Canada”. First,read the questions.
Ss:All right.
T:Now,please read the passage and answer the questions.(出示PPT)
(這里,首先出示PPT,讓學生帶著問題、有目的地閱讀語篇,初步了解語篇的內容。)
T:Whose report is it?You,please.
S1:It’s Mike’s report.
T:Good. What’s the report about?
S2:About the seasons in Canada.
T:Where is Canada?Who knows?
(沒有學生舉手回答。)
T:Oh,no one knows. No one can answer the question. Now here’s a map of the world. Look at the map.(通過PPT課件,出示課前準備好的一幅世界地圖。筆者指著地圖中的“中國”的位置。)
T:Look. This is...(故意停頓)
Ss:China.
T:Yes. China is a country. Look,this is Japan. Japan is a country. And this is Russia. Russia is a big country.And this is the USA. The USA is a big country,too. Well,look. This is the UK. The UK is a country, but it’s not so big. It’s a small country. OK. What does“country” mean in Chinese?
S1:Country指“國家”。
T:Yes. Country means“國家”in Chinese.
T:Canada is a country. Look,it’s near the USA. It has coasts on three oceans. Look,this is the Atlantic. This is the Pacific...
(筆者通過師生的話語交往和讓學生觀察、體驗和發現來獲取信息和理解生詞“country”的詞義。雖然學生以前都沒有學過四大洋的英語名稱,四大洋的英語名稱也不是這節課的教學內容,但隨著筆者在地圖上邊指邊說,學生接觸了四大洋的英語名稱,理解了老師對加拿大的地理位置的介紹。)
Step 4:While-reading
T:Now please read the passage again and answer the following questions.(出示PPT)
T:Now who can answer Question One?OK,the girl,please.
S1:It’s usually very hot.
T:Yes. Is it often rainy in spring in Canada?
S2:Yes,it is.
S3:Yes,it often rains in spring.(這里,筆者為避免話語結構的機械重復,改用行為動詞一般現在時態來表達。)
T:Then,what can Mike do in autumn in Canada?
S4:He can pick apples.
S5:He love to watch the leaves fall.
T:You mean he...(這里,筆者沒有直接指出學生話語表達中的語法錯誤。)
S5:He loves to watch the leaves fall.
T:Yes,he loves to watch the leaves fall. The leaves fall in autumn,so people call autumn“fall”. Right?
S6:Right!
T:Where is Mike now?
S7:Mike is in Canada.
T:In Canada?Do you all think so?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK. Now, please read the passage again.(學生再讀課文。)
T:Where is Mike now?
Ss:Mike is in Beijing.
T:Yes. You’re clever. Pay attention to the sentence.“Sometimes it snows here in Beijing,too.” The word “here” means“in Beijing”. In Canada,is it really very hot in summer?
S8:Yes,I think so.
T:Oh,no. In fact, in Canada, summer is usually comfortable,with the city temperatures ranging from 20°C to 27°C. For a few days(almost always in August)it can get pretty hot,reaching up to 32°C with no breeze.(筆者邊說邊板書具體的氣溫。)
(以上有些問題在語篇中是沒有直接答案可找的,需要認真研讀文本和仔細思考后才能回答。如:問題5,只有找到語篇中的關鍵句子“It usually snows in winter in Canada.Sometimes it snows here in Beijing,too.”并理解關鍵詞“here”在這里的指代才能作答。這里,問題的提出和練習的設計既源于教材,又高于教材,具有一定的深度,有助于提高學生語篇閱讀的技巧和通過語篇閱讀來獲取信息、整理信息、加工信息及運用信息的能力。)
Step 5:Post-reading
A. Read the text again,and fill in the blanks with the right words,one word for each blank. The first letter of each word is given.
(“短文填空”的練習內容與學生學的語篇文本并不一樣,語篇文本用第一人稱來描述,而這個練習的內容是用第三人稱單數來描述的,且增加了對加拿大的介紹。它對語篇文本作了高度概括,雖有一定難度,但適合絕大部分學生實際的英語語言水平。)
B. Discussion
(出示PPT。學生任意選擇其中一個問題,分組討論。)
(這三個問題貼近學生的生活。也正因為如此,學生討論起來氣氛熱烈。當小組活動時,筆者走到學生中間,躬下身子,認真傾聽,真誠參與學生的討論。)
T:All right. Who can make a report?This boy,please.
T:You discussed Question...?
S1:Question Three.
S2:Question Three.
T:OK. You’re interested in Question Three. Which season do you like best in Haimen?And why?
S1:I like summer,because I can eat ice cream.
T:I like eating ice cream,too. But when I was as young as you are, I mean when I was a small boy, I liked ice cream very much, but I had no money.So you’re a lucky boy.(有機呈現“...,but ...”和“When ...,...”復式句式結構。)
(當學生說到因為在夏天可以吃冰激凌,所以喜歡夏天時,筆者用了一個“as…as…”句型,配以肢體語言講的一番話,這似乎與上課內容無關,但是可以豐富課堂話語信息,增進學生的自然習得。)
S2:I like autumn,because I can pick apples and oranges in autumn.
T:Where can you pick apples or oranges?
S2:In the farm.
T:Oh,I see.You mean “on the farm”,right?
S2:Yes.
T:Is there a farm in Haimen?(當第二個學生回答可以在秋天去農場采摘蘋果或橘子時,筆者馬上又問她“Is there a farm in Haimen?”并指正。)
S2:No.
T:So you can’t pick apples or oranges on the farm.Maybe you have to buy some apples or oranges.Please don’t cheat me.
(無論是“短文填空”,還是“討論”部分的三個問題的設計,都體現了筆者在語篇教學中對語篇文本的二度開發和拓展。應該說,以上三項練習的設計在挖掘文本內涵的基礎上,拓展了文化的外延。這些練習涵蓋了對學生聽、說、讀、寫的語言技能訓練,培養了學生綜合運用語言的能力。學生從“學英語”水到渠成地轉變成“用英語”。)
Step 6:Homework
Surf the Internet and try to find out:
1. Why apples are delicious in autumn?
2. What’s the average temperature(平均氣溫) in spring,summer,autumn and winter in Canada?
(布置這樣的家庭作業,主要是為了改變學生課后作業機械、呆板的局面,切實培養“用語言做事,解決實際問題的能力”。)
(作者單位:江蘇省張家港市教育局教學研究室)