[摘要]拐杖是輔助人體支撐體重、保持平衡和行走的工具,由于下肢骨傷患者術后需要功能鍛煉以及早期下床活動減少臥床并發癥發生的需求,患肢不能負重或部分負重,需要借助拐杖行走,故拐杖在骨傷科患者治療、康復期間應用廣泛。但大多數患者并不清楚怎樣使用這些裝置,普遍存在的問題是:高度不合適(太高)、維護不良(橡皮墊或把手松動)以及姿勢或使用不正確(不正確步態或裝置持于錯誤一側),由于使用不當或訓練不足,導致患者療效不佳。對此類患者我們做法是:(1)開展健康教育,包括訓練前護理(使用拐杖的目的、意義,肌力的訓練)、單雙拐杖的應用、扶拐注意事項、棄拐時間的把握、不良反應及對策;(2)不同患者扶拐需求,防止因拐杖使用不當發生并發癥,由于方法得當,臨床效果較好,促進了患者順利康復。
[關鍵詞]拐杖;輔助醫療裝置;康復
[中圖分類號] R608 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 2095-0616(2013)13-166-02
Application of crutch in clinical orthopaedics and traumatology
LIU Fuying LIU Weihua LEI Xia
Outpatients Department of Orthopaedics,Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science,Beijing 100700, China
[Abstract] Crutch is commonly used in clinical orthopaedics and traumatology as a supplementary medical device for the treatment of low limb fracture and dislocation. In order to avoid complications and promote cure, it is necessary encourage the patient leave bed as early as possible and move the injured limb without weight bearing or part weight bearing under the protection of crutch.But most patients are not sure how to use this device, follow problems may exist:unsuitable height(too high) of crutch,badness safeguard of crutch(rubber mat or handle),incorrect posture or usage.Above unsuitable using or training may affect clinical effects.A brief introduction to our experience and methods are presented in this article:(1)self-management education including the objective significant of crutch use, the training of muscle strength, the application notice of single and double crutches, the schedule of application, undesirable reaction and countermeasure.(2)Requirement of crutch use in different patients and prevention of complications.The correct use of crutch lead to a better clinical effects,and promote patients recovering.
[Key words] Crutch;Supplementary medical device;Recure
拐杖是輔助人體支撐體重、保持平衡和行走的工具[1]。由于下肢骨傷患者術后需要功能鍛煉以及早期下床活動減少臥床并發癥發生的需求,患肢不能負重或部分負重,需要借助拐杖行走,故拐杖在骨傷科患者治療、康復期間應用廣泛。讓患者了解相關知識,并且正確使用,對減少并發癥的發生,安全、有效地發揮其作用非常必要。在臨床中對此類患者我們的做法是以下幾點。
1 健康教育
1.1 訓練前護理
(1)患者下地行走之前,責任護士要向患者及家屬進行使用拐杖的宣傳教育,包括使用的目的、意義、類型及各部分的功能、高度的確定、使用方法,以及身體需要具備的條件,使患者及家屬認識到正確使用拐杖對患肢康復的意義,從思想上重視。……