摘 "要:采用文獻資料法、問卷調查法、數理統計法等方法,對人口老齡化背景下哈爾濱市老年人冬季體育鍛煉現狀進行調查。調查結果顯示,哈爾濱市老年人冬季體育鍛煉意識并不強;由于受天氣、身體狀況、器材設施等因素的影響,哈爾濱市老年人體育鍛煉還未步入科學化、合理化軌道。建議制定保障老年人體育鍛煉的相關政策;加大老年人體育鍛煉健康知識的普及;建設和增加適合老年人體育鍛煉的場地和設施;完善老年人體育組織機構。為科學指導和干預老年人體育生活提供基礎資料。
關鍵詞:哈爾濱市;老年人;體育鍛煉
中圖分類號:G80-051 " " " " " "文獻標識碼:A " " " " " "文章編號:1002-3488 (2014) 02-0092-05
Investigation of Winter Sports Status of Older People in Harbin under the Background of Population Aging
HAN Guo-gang,ZHANG Shou-xin
(Physical Educational School of Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China)
Abstract:With the methods of literature,questionnaire survey "mathematical statistics,this paper has an investigation on winter sports status of older people in Harbin under the background of population aging. The results show that the consciousness of elder people who do winter sports exercise is not strong;Because of the weather,physical condition,equipment and facilities and other factors,physical exercises of older people in Harbin has not entered the scientific and rational track. Proposal for insurance policies for physical exercise of older people;Increase the popularity of the health knowledge for older people;Construct and increase sports venues and facilities for older people; Improve sports organization of older people. Provide the basic data for scientific guidance and intervention of elderly people's sports life.
Key words: Harbin;older people;physical exercise
隨著科學技術的的進步,人們生活水平的提高,醫療衛生條件的改善,各種保障體系的健全,使中國人口的壽命呈增長趨勢,人口老齡化成為越來越重要的問題[1]。按照國際慣例,通常把老齡人口(65歲以上)占7%作為一個國家人口老齡化的標準[2]。我國第六次全國人口普查資料顯示,2010 年我國 60 歲以上老年人口 12 998 萬,占總人口的 10.5 %。黑龍江省 65 歲及以上的人口為 3 188 324 人,占 8.32 %。截止到 2013 年 12 月,哈爾濱市戶籍總人口為 995.2 萬人, 60 歲以上老年人口為 164.05 萬人,老年人口占總人口的比例為 16.5 %,較 2012 年增加 9.85 萬人,增長了 6.4 %。老年人口仍處于快速上升階段,哈爾濱市人口老齡化速度在加速發展之中。人口老齡化所帶來的社會和心理問題,已經關系到國家整個經濟與社會的全面發展,因此重視、發展老年事業已成為國家發展所關注的重點內容之一[3]?!?br>