篇首語

篇首語

《世界建筑》的讀者朋友：

本期《世界建筑》的主題是“我所認識的自然”。

一部人類文明發展史，實際上是一部人與神、人與人、以及人與自然之間的關系史。

對于現代世界來講，人類如何認識和處理與自然之間的關系，嚴重影響人類的生存前景、生活質量、生產安全和生態和諧。因此，自1960年代以來，許多全球性的重大事件和熱點話題都和“自然”有關：可持續發展、資源危機、土地沙漠化、核泄露、物種滅絕、全球氣候變暖、低碳、綠色產業……

對于今天的中國人來講，“自然”更是一個沉重而奢侈的字眼。沉重，是因為我們可能是世界上環境污染最嚴重的國家，而且這個“最嚴重”還在向著“更嚴重”的方向發展；奢侈，是由于當霧霾蔽日、垃圾圍城、毒地蔓延、死豬塞河等環境事件日益普遍的時候，晴朗的天空、清新的空氣、干凈的水源和安全的食品已經不再是我們取之不竭的“日用品”，而逐漸成為正在遠去的“奢侈品”。

對于建筑學、城鄉規劃學、風景園林學這3個人居環境科學的支柱性學科而言，上述國際、國內趨勢既是一種挑戰，更是一種機遇。如何更為深刻和全面地理解“自然”的含義和意義，如何更為有效地掌握大氣圈、水圈、生物圈、土壤圈和巖石圈的最新科學成果，如何在建筑設計、城鄉規劃和景觀規劃設計中“真正”充分地考慮氣候特點、水文狀況、土壤條件、植被特征和動物棲息，如何實現人類和生態共同價值的最大化，或許應該成為每個人居環境科學研究者和實踐者的基本功。否則，“綠色建筑”、“生態城市”、“景觀都市主義”等美好的概念只會是夢中花、水中月，只會是規劃設計師們無意識地欺騙自己、進而欺騙社會的美麗“謊言”。

楊銳

清華大學建筑學院景觀學系教授，系主任

Dear reader,

The theme of this issue of World Architecture is "the nature as I see it".

The history of civilization represents the history of humankind's relationships with God, with other humans, and with nature.

In the modern world, the way through which we as humans recognize and handle our relationship with nature significantly affects the prospects of our continued existence, living quality, product safety, as well as ecological harmony. Therefore, since the 1960s, many major global events and popular public discourse have been associated with human's relationship with nature, such as sustainable development, declining resources, desertification, nuclear accidents, species extinction, global warming, low-carbon practices, and green industry.

For today's Chinese people, "nature" is now a rather heavy and luxurious word. Nature is heavy, because at present, China may just be the most heavily polluted country in the world. This "heavily polluted" country is quickly becoming "even more heavily polluted". Today, nature is a luxury, because a clear sky, clean air, clean drinking water, and safe food are no longer inexhaustible "commodities". When environmental pollution such as severe smog, accumulation of waste, toxic land, and dead pigs in the river are increasingly prevalent, nature gradually becomes "luxury goods".

For the three major disciplines of the human settlement sciences (architecture, urban planning, and landscape architecture), the above-mentioned international and domestic trends present both challenges and opportunities. How can one more profoundly and comprehensively understand the meaning and significance of "nature"? How can one effectively interpret the latest scientific research on the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the biosphere, the pedosphere and the lithosphere? How can one truly take into account natural factors such as climate, hydrology, soil conditions, vegetation, and animal habitat during the process of architectural design, urban planning and landscape architecture? Perhaps knowing how to maximize the common values between human development and ecology should be within the skill set of every researcher and practitioner of the human settlement sciences. Otherwise, wonderful ideas such as "green architecture", "eco-cities" and "landscape urbanism" will remain as illusions for most, just as flowers in a dream or the moon in the water. These ideas will become beautiful "lies" through which planners unconsciously deceive themselves and thus deceive society.

YANG Rui

Professor, Chair of Department of Landscape, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University