清華大學勝因院景觀，北京，中國

2014-02-18 09:41:20景觀設計清華大學建筑學院景觀學系

世界建筑 2014年2期

關鍵詞：景觀設計景觀設計

景觀設計：清華大學建筑學院景觀學系

Landscape Design: Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University

清華大學勝因院景觀，北京，中國

Landscape of Shengyin Yuan in Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2012

景觀設計：清華大學建筑學院景觀學系

Landscape Design: Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University

1 雨水花園臺階邊沿與置石/Steps and stones in the rain gardens

勝因院是清華大學教師住宅群之一，始建于1946年，曾有多位清華大學知名教授居住于此。60多年來，隨著周圍地勢因建設而抬高，這里遂成為低洼地帶，每逢暴雨便導致嚴重內澇。對這一頗具歷史文化價值的地區進行改造，須將歷史保護、景觀營造與解決雨洪內澇問題結合在一起。近年來，國外最佳管理實踐（BMPs）和低影響開發（LID）等雨洪管理措施日益得到推廣，它們均強調最大限度地從源頭控制徑流，就近處理雨水，以達到減少徑流、污染物并控制流速的目的。設計團隊基于場地及校園歷史風貌的變遷，提出了勝因院景觀設計定位：（1）校史教育場所和紀念空間；（2）具清華特色的人文科研辦公區；（3）“綠色大學”雨洪管理示范場所。

設計方案把降雨、產流、匯流、入滲、排水與豎向、土壤等分析、計算及相應雨洪管理技術，與場地文脈、空間序列、功能、形式、植物、活動設計相結合。雨水花園作為核心景觀要素，一方面保證蓄滲設計要求，同時其形狀靈活順應周邊建筑、道路，結合石籠、條石臺階、置石、旱溪、木平臺及植物等元素，使雨水花園不僅作為一種綠色基礎設施發揮削減暴雨徑流、減緩內澇、處理面源污染等功能性作用，同時也參與到表現場地特征、塑造場所精神、體現場地歷史、激發場地活力的過程中，塑造具有多功能的景觀基礎設施，也使場地更新改造成為解決積澇問題與創造新景觀的契機。這種低成本、低影響、低技術的景觀途徑，對我國城市解決雨洪內澇問題的策略選擇方面頗具啟發意義。

2 區位/Location

3 雨季/Rain season

Built in 1964, Shengyin Yuan was once a model of modern housing for Tsinghua faculty. A number of distinguished professors lived there, including Mr. Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin, but with over 60 years of construction in the area, the site has settled and often suffers from serious drainage problems. In recent years BMP, LID and other storm water management techniques have been increasingly accepted and implemented. Based on an historical analysis of the site and campus, the design team arrived at the following overall design and program objectives: (1) the creation of a campus education and memorial space; (2) the development of a social and humanities science park with university characteristics; (3) the aim of being a demonstration site for storm water management.

This project illustrates how to solve on-site storm water issues in a way that is in keeping with a site's historical context. The first step in the process was the analysis of the site's soil, vegetation, topographic and drainage conditions. Based on the analysis and calculation of confluence and infiltration, several rain gardens were introduced. These successfully solved the waterlog problem, decreased runoff, encouraged more infiltration and integrated the landscape design with the surroundings. Thus multiple goals including solving the drainage problem, creating a water landscape and enhancing the nature of the site were achieved. Rain gardens and other storm water management facilities are not only green infrastructure, but also become integral parts of the space, reflecting its character, preserving its history and improving its use and energy. Landscape approaches of this kind-low cost, low impact and low tech-have proven effective in solving drainage problems on significant sites.

4 總平面/Site plan

5.6 非雨季/Non-rain season

評論

鮑威：景觀設計并非對城市表面的美化，而是可以解決實際問題的。此案通過誠實與單一地解決場地排水的問題，形成了吸引人的設計結果。追求真實的設計，其結果必然是美麗的。這種“微景觀”其實可以和生活走得如此之近，可謂小景觀解決大問題。“微景觀”規模小，意味著自發性與易操作性，必然在未來具備無限的活力和市場。

鄭曉笛：水是景觀設計中最具動感的自然要素。在場地內匯聚地表徑流、進而凈化循環在西方國家已是較為普遍的設計手法，但在中國仍處于起步階段。清華大學勝因院多年飽受內澇之苦，暴雨后積水可深達70cm，雨水花園在解決這一困擾的同時，營造出一方供人休憩的宜人場所。如果可以將雨季時的雨水儲存用于旱季時的灌溉，可能也是不錯的選擇。

Comments

BAO Wei：Landscape design should resolve pragmatic issues, rather than simply beautifying the city's surface. This project achieves attractive results simply by straightforwardly dealing with the site's drainage problem. Truthfulness begets beauty. A Microlandscape can engage large problems but still beat the scale of everyday life. And small scale can mean being spontaneous and easy to operate. We see great potential for this kind of solution.

ZHENG Xiaodi： Water is the most dynamic element in a landscape system. Collecting, filtering, and recycling storm water on site are common practices in western countries, but ones just emerging in China now. Shengyin Yuan at Tsinghua University has suffered flooding problem over the years. Standing water there has reached a depth of 70cm after a heavy storm. This rain garden successfully tackles this problem while creating a pleasant outdoor space for local users. It would be even better if the storm water collected in rainy seasons could be stored to be used for irrigation in the dry ones.

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client：清華大學房地產管理處

項目主持/Principal in Charge：劉海龍

設計團隊/Design Team：李金晨，頡赫男，孫宵銘，王川，陳琳琳，曹玥

雨水花園及給排水工程計算/Civil Consultants：張丹明，張挺

承建方/Contractor：清華大學園林科

項目面積/Area：1 hm2

項目時間/Project Period：2010.3-2012.10