原子城愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育基地紀(jì)念園，海北州，青海，中國(guó)

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院景觀學(xué)系/北京清華同衡規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司

Landscape Design: Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University/Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd.

原子城愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育基地紀(jì)念園，海北州，青海，中國(guó)

Nuclear Memorial Park, Haibei, Qinghai, China, 2009

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院景觀學(xué)系/北京清華同衡規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司

Landscape Design: Department of Landscape Architecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University/Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute Ltd.

1 站在“高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚”臺(tái)上，透過(guò)青楊林望向和平之丘/Standing on the "overlook" platform, looking toward the Hill of Peace through populus cathayana woods.

基地包括紀(jì)念館和紀(jì)念園，是為紀(jì)念在新中國(guó)自我研制原子彈、氫彈中做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的人而建。海北州具有青藏高原顯著的地貌特征及惡劣的氣候條件。場(chǎng)地內(nèi)的青楊形成一條150m長(zhǎng)的視廊，根據(jù)胸徑可以推算出是當(dāng)年創(chuàng)業(yè)人所栽。作為時(shí)間和物態(tài)的綜合體，青楊的統(tǒng)攝力和震撼力使其成為設(shè)計(jì)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。瑪尼堆（顯著的地域文化符號(hào)）和銹鋼板（源自爆轟試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)上的掩土建筑）作為與自然地貌、紀(jì)念事件密切相關(guān)的要素成為形式語(yǔ)言基調(diào)。

為保護(hù)全部青楊，設(shè)計(jì)選用鐘擺式、隱性中軸模式——一條之字形“596之路”，環(huán)繞樹(shù)林而展開(kāi)，線性講述研制兩彈極其曲折和艱辛的敘事史詩(shī)。此模式的一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)是，路徑是獨(dú)立的和唯一的，根據(jù)需要在路徑上經(jīng)營(yíng)任意一點(diǎn)與高潮點(diǎn)之間的視線關(guān)系，目標(biāo)始終在遠(yuǎn)方若隱若現(xiàn)，幾重空間被壓緊后，釋放在“和平之丘”。穿過(guò)“和平之門”登至山頂，回顧（對(duì)自身力量的探索）或遠(yuǎn)眺（對(duì)自然天地的敬畏），使人的精神得到升華。之字形路牢牢地把紀(jì)念敘事空間捆綁在大地上，與青楊、高原渾然一體。

紀(jì)念景觀建立在充分認(rèn)識(shí)并利用自然元素、自然之力的基礎(chǔ)上，以輕介入的姿態(tài)，通過(guò)隱喻，將場(chǎng)地遺存、場(chǎng)所信息和紀(jì)念精神融合在一起，形成了一種基于大地的設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)匯和風(fēng)格。

2 青楊林形成東西向視廊/Populus cathayana woods forms an east-west view corridor

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client：青海省發(fā)改委

項(xiàng)目主持/Principal in Charge：朱育帆

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team：劉靜，姚玉君，郭湧，王丹，潘克寧，楊展展，張振威，唐健人，李爍，孟凡玉，魏方，楊覓，曹然，許愿

合作單位/Collaboration：北京中元工程設(shè)計(jì)顧問(wèn)公司/北京中奧雕塑環(huán)境藝術(shù)有限公司

雕塑家團(tuán)隊(duì)/Sculpture Team：王涪波，李富軍

設(shè)計(jì)面積/Area：12 hm2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period：2006-2009

攝影/Photos：陳堯，賈玥

The project, including a Memorial Hall and Park, was constructed in honor of the contributors to the creation of New China's atomic and hydrogen bombs. Haibei Prefecture has the distinguishing geomorphic features and bad weather conditions of the Qing-Tibet Plateau. The Populus cathayanain trees on the site, planted by the founder, form a 150m long view corridor. It is a strong impressive gesture that marks the starting point of the design. Mani stones-a profound symbol of the culture of the region-and rusted steel plate-recalling the earth-sheltered buildings of the detonation test site-are materials closely related to the natural features of the site and the memorialized event.They create the formal language of the project.

To protect the Populous cathayana, the design orients around an invisible north/south axis while assigning circulation through the site to a zigzag "Road of 596 (June, 1956)" through the woods. The path allows the interpretive narrative (about the development of the two bombs) to unfold linearly. It is an independent and unique route: a sightline between any point the target looming at distance is kept purposely clear. After the compaction of the route to the "Hill of Peace," there is release upon arrival. Moving through "Door of Peace" to the mountaintop, the prospect and overlook (reverence on natural world) enhances the spirit.

This memorial landscape fully understands and utilizes the natural elements and forces of the site. It uses metaphor and integrates historical remains, site information and a memorial spirit in a light way that discovers an earth-based design vocabulary and style.

3 場(chǎng)地文脈/Site context

評(píng)論

鮑威：線性的敘事空間是博物館建筑常見(jiàn)的組織方式，此案將其巧妙地運(yùn)用在景觀設(shè)計(jì)中。場(chǎng)地的青楊構(gòu)成了設(shè)計(jì)的文脈，而所創(chuàng)造的空間節(jié)點(diǎn)既為建筑之實(shí)在功能，亦為所要講述故事的片段。一系列景觀元素的形式及材料運(yùn)用極具敏感度，成為此露天博物館的展覽主題。有如音樂(lè)的抑揚(yáng)頓挫或文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合，將場(chǎng)地的故事向人們婉婉道來(lái)。

闕鎮(zhèn)清：隱喻堅(jiān)定信心的瑪尼墻與代表兩彈研發(fā)艱辛史的銹鋼板勾勒出充滿張力的紀(jì)念之徑，追尋當(dāng)年原子城創(chuàng)業(yè)人栽下的青楊及他們工作過(guò)的建筑拆除后留下的虛空，新中國(guó)兩彈研發(fā)的壯麗史詩(shī)沉重奏響。事件節(jié)點(diǎn)序列與視覺(jué)節(jié)奏經(jīng)營(yíng)融為一體，隨起伏地形引向高潮“和平之丘”。遼闊高原之上，無(wú)窮天幕之下，鏡池映照，只留虛空，游人情緒得到釋放，精神得到升華。這是扎根大地的設(shè)計(jì)，這是觸動(dòng)心靈的設(shè)計(jì)。

4 瑪尼墻與銹鋼板墻構(gòu)成延展的界面，通過(guò)精細(xì)的變截面設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)形成之字形路上豐富的空間變化/Mani wall and rusted steel plate wall constitute an extension interface and forms rich space variation of the zigzag road through elaborate variable section design.

5 景觀敘事線索/Landscape narrative clue

6 平面/Plan

Comments

BAO Wei： Linear narrative space is an organizational device commonly used in museum design. This project eloquently adopts this approach as its landscape strategy. Existing Cathay poplar trees were chosen as the context against which the design's more composed landscape moments-its tangible story-telling program-plays out. Great sensibility is at work in both the formal composition and material selection of this outdoor museum.

QUE Zhenqing： Together the Mani wall-a metaphor of uncompromising confidence-and the rusted steel plate-representing the hard history of the development of Two-Bombs-describe a tension-filled memorial path. Along the path is traced by cathayana trees planted by the founder of the Atomic City and the voids left after the demolition of its buildings. The glorious epic of New China's generation of atomic and hydrogen bombs creates a solemn atmosphere. The sequence of represented events works in harmony with the undulating terrain, building towards a climax at the "Hill of Peace." On the vast plateau, under the endless sky, looking into the shining mirror pool and feeling the emptiness, visitors find emotional release and a kind of sublimated spiritually. Rooted in the earth, the park is designed to touch our souls.

7 下沉廣場(chǎng)空間分析/Spatial analysis on the sunken square

8 山勢(shì)綿延起伏,看似舒緩卻蘊(yùn)藏著地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)般的無(wú)窮張力/Rolling hills seem to be gentle, but contains infinite tension as the crustal movement.

9 在青楊的掩映下，人物群雕左顧右盼栩栩如生，“書信”故事的主人公夫婦仿佛穿越時(shí)空來(lái)相會(huì)/Amid the populus cathayana, group figure sculpture are animated as if the protagonist couple in the story of "letter" were passing through the time and space to meet each other.

10 在青楊的掩映下，人物群雕左顧右盼栩栩如生，“書信”故事的主人公夫婦仿佛穿越時(shí)空來(lái)相會(huì)/Amid the populus cathayana,group figure sculpture are animated as if the protagonist couple in the story of "letter" were passing through the time and space to meet each other.

12 青楊集中分布的區(qū)域成為最重要的情景展示場(chǎng)/The most centralized area of populus cathayana becomes the most important scene showground.

13 《在那遙遠(yuǎn)的地方》在和平之丘上回響/The song "In a Faraway Fairyland" is resounding above the Hill of Peace