張 燕,韓志海,段蘊鈾,姜 毅,王曉陽,方庭正,黃 燕
1海軍總醫院 呼吸內科,北京 100048;2沈陽軍區政治部門診部,遼寧沈陽 110032
吸入硫化氫對大鼠肺組織氧化作用的影響
張 燕1,韓志海1,段蘊鈾1,姜 毅2,王曉陽1,方庭正1,黃 燕1
1海軍總醫院 呼吸內科,北京 100048;2沈陽軍區政治部門診部,遼寧沈陽 110032
目的探討吸入硫化氫(H2S)不同時間對大鼠肺組織的氧化作用的影響。方法18只雄性SD大鼠隨機分成對照組、3 h組、6 h組,每組6只。對照組無H2S吸入,3 h組、6 h組分別在吸入H2S 3 h、6 h后ELISA法檢測支氣管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase,γ-GCS),免疫組化檢測核因子-κBp65片段(p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappaB,NF-κBp65)、核因子-E2相關因子(nuclear factor-E2 related factor,Nrf2),熒光定量PCR方法檢測γ-GCSmRNA。結果吸入組大鼠GSH、NF-κBp65下降,γ-GCSmRNA、Nrf2水平升高,6 h組較明顯。上述指標吸入3 h組變化不明顯。結論低劑量吸入H2S對大鼠肺組織氧化無明顯作用,吸入80 ppm H2S 6 h對氧化系統的影響是可能引起肺損傷。
硫化氫;吸入;肺
1 材料 溫度可調式鈦合金錫爐(富迪牌HT-B型,功率150 W,內徑50 mm,深度30 mm,廣東宏泰電子五金工具廠)。數顯溫度計(宏海牌XMT-280型,北京宏海永昌儀表技術開發中心,量程-50 ~ 500℃)。集煙筒(自制,內徑70 mm、高110 mm圓筒,頂端開口直徑12 mm接冷卻管,底端敞開,距底端5 mm的側壁等間隔開直徑5 mm的3個孔用于燃燒時吸入空氣)。冷卻管(紫銅管,內徑10 mm,壁厚1 mm,長度500 mm,兩端設計接口),風扇,電子天平(JD100-3型,沈陽龍騰電子有限公司)。分煙管(自制,直徑30 mm、壁厚2 mm、長500 mm亞克力管,兩端接內徑3 mm接頭,一側管壁等距離開2個孔接內徑8 mm接頭)。吸煙瓶(自制,內徑62 mm、高180 mm圓形塑料瓶,中央剪開,瓶口開孔接分煙管,瓶身開孔接軟管至廢氣袋)。廢氣袋(自制,80 cm×90 cm×40 cm收納袋,開口處接內徑3 mm接頭)。
2 實驗動物及分組 清潔級健康成年雄性SD大鼠18只,體質量150 ~ 250 g,軍事醫學科學院實驗動物中心提供(SCXK-(軍)-2012-0004),海軍總醫院實驗動物中心飼養(SCXK-(軍)-2012-0012),按照隨機化原則將動物分為對照組、3 h組、6 h組,每組6只。
3 氣體吸入 連接好吸入裝置后,取大鼠2只分別置入吸煙瓶中,不同組別分別吸入80 ppm H2S 3 h、6 h,3 h組在吸入H2S后,繼續吸入空氣3 h,重復上述步驟3 ~ 5次,對照組大鼠不吸入H2S,置入吸煙瓶中吸入空氣6 h。
4 ELISA檢測 ELISA試劑盒廠家為嘉美生物(Jiamay Biotech Co.Ltd),按試劑盒說明操作。采用雙抗體夾心ABC-ELISA法檢測各組大鼠右肺下葉勻漿中谷胱甘肽、γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶濃度,以評價是否存在肺損傷。
5 免疫組化檢測及半定量分析 右肺中葉肺組織石蠟切片厚度3μm,60 ~ 65℃烤片4 h,脫蠟,水化,PBS緩沖液洗滌,高壓修復組織抗原,3% H2O2滅活過氧化物酶,正常山羊血清封閉,分別滴加第一抗體Anti-NF-κBp65 antibody (abcam,ab16502)、Anti-Nrf2 antibody(abcam,ab31163)各50μl,稀釋度1∶200,4℃孵育過夜,滴加復合二抗HRP-Polymer anti Mouse/Rabbit IgG(Maixin. Bio,KIT-5020),室溫靜置20 min;DAB顯色,蘇木精復染,陰性對照以血清代替一抗。鏡檢陽性染色為黃色或棕黃色染色。應用Image Pro Plus 6.0圖像分析系統(美國Media Cybernetics公司)進行半定量分析,每張玻片顯微鏡下隨機選擇5個高倍鏡視野(×1 000),以相同參數攝取圖像,IPP6.0軟件分析得出每個視野陽性染色的平均光密度、積分光密度(integrated optical density,IOD)的總和即累積光密度(sum IOD),計算出每個標本上述指標的均值,從而對染色濃度進行半定量分析。
6 肺組織γ-GCSmRNA定量 γ-GCS mRNA濃度決定下游GSH、γ-GCS水平。用熒光定量PCR方法檢測大鼠右肺上葉γ-GCS mRNA轉錄水平的變化情況。目的基因γ-GCS的PCR檢測引物序列由嘉美生物設計合成γ-GCS的上下游引物分別為5'-GCATTCATTTCACCCTGTTCT-3'和5'-ACAAAGAGCCCTGACCTAATG-3',擴增產物長度132 bp,內參為β-actin(CWbio.Co.Ltd,Cat#CW0918)。用超純RNA提取試劑盒(CWbio. Co.Ltd,Cat#CW0581)提取組織樣本中總RNA。取5μl RNA用1%瓊脂糖凝膠進行電泳。用HiFi-MMLVcDNA第一鏈合成試劑盒(CWbio. Co.Ltd,Cat#CW0744)進行反轉錄,用UltraSYBR Mixture(with Rox)(CWbio.Co.Ltd,Cat#CW0956)進行擴增,擴增程序:95℃10 min,(95℃15 s + 60℃60 s)×40個循環。用LightCycler-480II型熒光定量PCR儀測量,采用2-△△CT法進行數據的相對定量分析,評價是否存在肺損傷。
7 統計學處理 使用SPSS18.0軟件分析數據,計量資料比較采用單因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),LSD法進行各組間的兩兩比較。P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
1 肺組織勻漿檢測 吸入80 ppm H2S 3 h、6 h后GSH濃度下降,與對照組比較差異有統計學意義(P<0.001)。γ-GCS濃度無明顯變化。H2S 6 h組γ-GCS mRNA的相對表達量較對照組增高(P<0.001)。見表1。
2 大鼠肺組織Nrf2及NF-κBp65的免疫組化檢測及半定量分析 大鼠肺組織Nrf2的平均光密度和累積光密度H2S 6 h組較對照組高(P<0.001),H2S 6 h組增高明顯(P>0.05);大鼠肺組織NF-κBp65的累積光密度降低(P<0.01),H2S 3 h組、H2S 6 h組比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。見表2、圖1、圖2。
表1 大鼠肺組織中GSH等指標的檢測結果Tab. 1 Concentration of GSH, γ-GCS and γ-GCSmRNA in lung tissue of rats (±s, n=6)

表1 大鼠肺組織中GSH等指標的檢測結果Tab. 1 Concentration of GSH, γ-GCS and γ-GCSmRNA in lung tissue of rats (±s, n=6)
aP<0.001, vs control group
GroupGSH (pmol/ml)γ-GCS (pg/ml)γ-GCS mRNA Control296.72±22.54 1 704.89±137.83 0.07±0.03 H2S 3 h156.97±14.85a1 901.05±132.75 0.33±0.07a H2S 6 h118.08±12.50a1 633.45±138.71 0.46±0.11a F 91.3489.80693.190 P<0.001<0.001<0.001
近年的研究中,H2S一改既往“具有臭雞蛋氣味的神經毒氣”形象,被稱為繼NO、CO之后的第3種氣體信號分子[12-13]。在機體的抗氧化體系中,Nrf2是關鍵的調節因子,可調節多種抗氧化應激酶類的表達,在機體的抗氧化中發揮重要作用[14-15]。γ-GCS是抗氧化酶中的一種,其增強子中存在與Nrf2相結合的序列,受Nrf2調控,而γ-GCS是合成GSH的限速酶,GSH則是對抗氧化應激的主要物質[16-17]。H2S抑制了NF-κBp65的激活,與NO生成通路有關[18]。在此次研究中,H2S 3 h、6 h組與對照組相比,γ-GCS mRNA、Nrf2水平升高,GSH、NF-κBp65濃度降低,γ-GCS無明顯變化,上述實驗結果提示,小劑量吸入H2S能夠激活Nrf2抗氧化系統,但對下游γ-GCS影響不大,GSH有所下降,其中H2S 6 h影響較明顯。本課題組前期研究表明,吸入80 ppm H2S 6 h出現肺損傷,可以認為單純吸入80 ppm H2S 6 h對大鼠是不利的,而單純吸入80 ppm H2S 3 h是相對安全的。吸入80 ppm H2S 6 h引起的肺損傷,根據本實驗結果考慮與抗氧化系統失衡有關,原因有待進一步研究。
表2 大鼠肺組織Nrf2、NF-κBp65免疫組化半定量分析Tab. 2 Relative expression of NF-κBp65 and Nrf2 in lung tissue of rats detected by immunohistochemically (±s, n=6)

表2 大鼠肺組織Nrf2、NF-κBp65免疫組化半定量分析Tab. 2 Relative expression of NF-κBp65 and Nrf2 in lung tissue of rats detected by immunohistochemically (±s, n=6)
aP<0.001, vs control group
Group (n=6)Nrf2 densityNrf2 IOD (sum)p65 densityp65 IOD (sum) Control0.215±0.014 9 902.52±2 618.45 0.244±0.016 9 275.25±1 219.39 H2S 3 h0.225±0.015 22 134.34±2 919.38a0.218±0.009a26 279.24±5 922.71a H2S 6 h0.230±0.008a26 440.73±3 852.96a0.218±0.005a22 536.16±3 107.68a F 12.10412.0646.09426.768 p<0.001<0.0010.001<0.001

圖 1 肺組織Nrf2免疫組化染色鏡下觀察(HE×1 000) A: 對照組; B:H2S 3 h組; C: H2S 6 h組Fig.1 Histopathological observation of the Nrf2 expression in lung tissues detected by IHC (HE×1 000) A: Controls; B: H2S 3 h group; C: H2S 6 h group

圖 2 肺組織NF-κBp65免疫組化染色鏡下觀察(HE×1 000) A: 對照組; B: H2S 3 h組; C: H2S 6 h組Fig.2 Histopathological observation of NF-κBp65 expression in lung tissues detected by IHC (HE×1 000) A: Controls; B: H2S 3 h group; C: H2S 6 h group
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Oxidative stress of H2S inhalation in lung of rats
ZHANG Yan1, HAN Zhi-hai1, DUAN Yun-you1, JIANG Yi2, WANG Xiao-yang1, FANG Ting-zheng1, HUANG Yan1
1Department of Respiratory, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China;2Outpatient Department, Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
HAN Zhi-hai. Email: hanzhihai@sohu.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the different time of hydrogen sulf i de inhalation in inhibiting oxidative stress of lung injury in rats.MethodsEighteen male SD rats were randomly allocated into control group, H2S inhalation 3 h and H2S inhalation 6 h group, 6 in each group. There were no H2S inhalation in the control group, while the concentration of glutathione (GSH) in bronchoalveolar lavage fl uid (BALF) and the γ-GCS in homogenized lung tissue of rats in the H2S inhalation 3 h, 6 h groups were observed by ELISA assay, the immunohistochemically was applied to detect the relative expression of NF-κBp65 and Nrf2 with Image Pro Plus 6.0 software, and the method of fl uorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of γ-GCSmRNA in homogenized lung tissue of rats.ResultsCompared with the control group, the GSH index decreased, and the concentration of γ-GCSmRNA and the expression of Nrf2 in the homogenized lung tissue of rats in the 6 h group signif i cantly elevated, while those indexes in the H2S 3 h group did not change signif i cantly.ConclusionLow inhalation of hydrogen sulf i de for 3 hours shows no signif i cant effects on the oxidative stress in the lung tissue of rats, while 80 ppm inhalation of hydrogen sulf i de for 6 hours can potentially induce oxidative stress and cause damage to lung tissue.
hydrogen sulf i de; inhalation; lung
R 363.2+74
A
2095-5227(2014)12-1241-04
10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2014.12.018
時間:2014-09-16 10:13
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3275.R.20140916.1013.001.html
小劑量吸入硫化氫(H2S)具有抗氧化應激、調節炎癥反應、舒張血管、抗纖維化、參與調節內分泌及生殖系統功能等作用[1-7]。靜滴硫氫化鈉(NaHS)提供外源性的H2S,在多種急性肺損傷(acute lung injury,ALI)/急性呼吸窘迫綜合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)動物實驗研究中證實具有抗炎癥反應、抗氧化應激、抗凋亡、減輕肺損傷的作用[1,8]。吸入H2S氣體,在內毒素誘導的ALI小鼠模型中可抑制全身炎癥反應,提高小鼠生存率;在過度通氣誘導的ALI小鼠模型中可抑制肺內炎癥反應和肺泡上皮細胞凋亡而保護肺臟[9-11]。本課題組前期實驗證實,吸入80 ppm H2S 6 h可導致輕度肺損傷,本實驗擬觀察吸入80 ppm H2S氣體3 h及6 h對大鼠肺組織抗氧化效果的差異,提供更安全的H2S吸入時間。H2S可抑制NF-κB信號通路的激活,從而起到抗炎癥和抗氧化應激的作用,在抗氧化損傷的體系中,Nrf2是關鍵的調節因子,Nrf2屬于亮氨酸拉鏈轉錄激活因子家族,可調節多種抗氧化應激酶類的表達。γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase,γ-GCS)是抗氧化酶中的一種,其增強子中即存在與Nrf2相結合的序列,受Nrf2調控,而γ-GCS是合成谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)的限速酶,GSH則是對抗氧化應激的主要物質。本研究通過檢測上述因子的濃度變化,說明吸入H2S不同時間對大鼠抗氧化系統的影響作用。
2014-07-30
全軍醫學科研“十二五”計劃科研課題(CWS11J180)
Supported by the 12th Five Years Programs of Chinese PLA(CWS11J180)
張燕,女,碩士,主治醫師。研究方向:肺損傷,肺動脈高壓等。Email: changyan511@sohu.com
韓志海,男,博士,副主任醫師,主任。Email: hanzhihai@sohu.com