人參降糖作用的研究進(jìn)展

摘要：2型糖尿病患病率逐年增多，其急慢性并發(fā)癥嚴(yán)重威脅人們的生命。糖尿病是一種需長期治療的慢性疾病，目前治療手段有限，仍無根治該疾病的有效方法，國內(nèi)外許多學(xué)者都在天然藥物中尋找治療糖尿病的良方，我國中醫(yī)經(jīng)典《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》就有對\"消渴癥\"的具體描述及相關(guān)治療[1]，人參治療和預(yù)防糖尿病及其并發(fā)癥的作用受到了古今中外的廣泛關(guān)注。人參主要功效為補(bǔ)元氣，固脫生津，安神，大量研究表明，人參還具有多種生理調(diào)節(jié)作用，具有增強(qiáng)抵抗力、強(qiáng)心降壓、提高機(jī)體免疫力，抗衰老和調(diào)脂等作用，其中人參皂苷在調(diào)節(jié)血糖方面發(fā)揮了主要作用[2]。本文擬就人參及其成分對血糖的影響進(jìn)行綜述，旨在為糖尿病治療提供一條新的有效途徑。

關(guān)鍵詞：人參；人參皂苷；糖代謝；糖尿病

Abstract：Type 2 Diabetes mellitus prevalence increased year by year， the acute or chronic complications， a serious threat to people's life。Diabetes is a kind of long-term treatment of chronic diseases， the current treatment is still no effective method to cure the disease， many domestic and foreign scholars have to find an effective way to treat diabetes in natural medicine， traditional Chinese medicine in our country classic huangdi neijing has a detailed description of \"thirsting disorder syndrome\" and related treatment [1]， the effect of ginseng treatment and prevention of diabetes and its complications by the wide attention of ancient and modern， Chinese and foreign. Ginseng main effect to fill vigor， solid and fluid， nerves， a large number of studies have shown that ginseng has a variety of physiological regulation， strengthen resistance， cardiac step-down， enhance immunity， anti-aging and lipid management function， including ginseng saponin has played a major role in regulating blood glucose [2-3].This thesis summarized the influence of ginseng and its composition of blood sugar， is designed to provide a new effective way for diabetes treatment.

Key words：Ginseng；Ginseng saponin； Glycometabolism； Diabetes mellitus

糖尿病是一組由于胰島素分泌缺陷和/或胰島素作用障礙所致的以高血糖為特征的代謝性疾病。持續(xù)高血糖與長期代謝紊亂等可導(dǎo)致全身組織器官，特別是眼、腎、心血管及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的損害及其功能障礙和衰竭。嚴(yán)重者可引起失水，電解質(zhì)紊亂和酸堿平衡失調(diào)等急性并發(fā)癥酮癥酸中毒和高滲昏迷[3]。糖尿病的病因尚未完全闡明，目前公認(rèn)的是其非單一病因所致，而是復(fù)合病因的綜合征，發(fā)病與遺傳、自身免疫及環(huán)境因素有關(guān)。從胰島B細(xì)胞合成和分泌胰島素，經(jīng)血液循環(huán)到全身各組織器官的靶細(xì)胞，與特異受體結(jié)合，引發(fā)細(xì)胞內(nèi)物質(zhì)代謝的效應(yīng)，在此過程中任一環(huán)節(jié)異常均可導(dǎo)致糖尿病[4]。……