摘要:目的 了解某鉛蓄電池廠鉛作業工人的職業健康情況。方法 通過職業衛生學現場調查,了解工作場所現狀,識別職業危害因素并檢測鉛煙、鉛塵濃度;通過職業健康檢查了解工人血鉛水平及鉛危害程度。結果 該企業工作環境中鉛煙、鉛塵超標率93.3%,鉛作業人員血鉛超標率為20.09%,且神經衰弱癥狀較為嚴重。結論 該企業鉛危害嚴重,建議改善工作環境,降低崗位鉛濃度,加強作業人員相關健康知識和個人防護意識。
關鍵詞:鉛蓄電池;鉛作業;職業健康
Abstract:Objective To investigate the occupational hazards for the lead-exposed workers in a private lead battery enterprise. Methods Occupational field investigation was used to learn about the work environment and occupational hazard factors,then detected and analyzed the lead smoke and dust in work place. Occupational health surveilance results were used to learn about the blood lead levels and hazard degree of lead workers. Results The exceeding rate for lead smoke and lead dust is 93.3%, the rate for the workers with higher blood lead is 20.09%, and most works had neurasthenia symptoms. Conclusion This private enterprise had serious lead related hazardous and suggest the enterprise improve the enviroment to reduce the lead concentration, and strengthen occupational health knowledge and personnel protection awareness.
Key words:Lead battery; Lead exposure; Occupational health 職業性鉛中毒是我國常見且發病率高的職業病之一,長時間暴露于被鉛污染的環境,可引起血液系統、神經系統、消化系統等系統和器官的一系列癥狀。蓄電池生產企業主要以鉛為原料進行生產,危害涉及各個生產環節中,其作業場所一般大量存在鉛塵、鉛煙等職業危害因素。很多鉛蓄電池企業生產環境惡劣,工人防護條件差和自我保護意識不強是引起職業性鉛中毒主要原因。為了解本市區蓄電池企業職業接觸鉛狀況,并為保護鉛作業人群提供有效的預防措施,對該企業的職業衛生、工作場所空氣中鉛濃度及鉛作業工人健康狀況進行了調查。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 2011~2012年該蓄電池企業中接觸職業性鉛有害因素的工人。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 現場調查 了解鉛酸蓄電池生產工藝、原輔材料、作業環境及勞動防護等情況。
1.2.2 工作場所中鉛濃度測定 按照《工作場所空氣中有害物質監測的采樣規范》( GBZ159-2004)的要求使用長時間個體采樣方法對鉛煙、鉛塵進行采樣;……