陳鴻
插入語是指插在句子中的一個詞、短語或一個句子,但不是句子主要結構的一部分。插入語的位置可以移動,但一般不改變句子的意思。但是,插入語的兩邊大都用逗號隔開。插入語雖然不是句子的主要結構,但對句意的表達有一定的影響。
插入語的特點之一就是對句子結構進行分隔,形成所謂的割裂特點,了解這一現象,有助于我們在閱讀中理解長句,預知難點。本文對插入語對句子的分隔列舉如下。
1. 主謂結構的分隔
Skill, it is true, wins over noble birth. 出身顯貴,實不如一技在身。
The first step, it seems, is all the difficulty. 似乎萬事開頭難。
2. 動賓結構的分隔
She wrote, to the exact, ten novels in her lifetime. 準確地說,她一生寫了10部小說。
She refused, and with reason, their demand. 她拒絕了他們的要求,而且很有理。
3. 平行結構的分隔
He grinned, strangely pleased, and walked on. 他咧嘴笑了起來,心里莫名其妙地感到愜意,又繼續往前走去。
She didnt support him, and, what was worse, laughed at him. 她沒有支持他,更惡劣的是她嘲笑他。
4. 謂語的分隔
This knowledge should, in principle, be integrated into the trainees own reflective cycle in order that effective learning may take place. 這種知識原則上受訓者應該自己整合,才會提高學習效率。
Interpreting such a problem through the prism of past experience will, by definition, lead the thinker astray. 用過去經驗的棱鏡來解釋這樣的問題,從這個定義上講,會把人們的思想引入歧途。
5. 定語與被修飾語的分隔
It is a proper, if not the best, way to settle the problem. 這是解決這一問題的合適方法,如果不是最好的話。
Invention, for example, of a completely new recording medium may grow fast, because all of us become addicted to recorded music. 例如,一種全新錄音手段的發明可能發展很快,因為我們都嗜好錄制的音樂。
6. 賓語的分隔
He gave me at least two apples. 他給了我至少兩個蘋果。
We might tell a medium friend, for example, that yesterday we had a fight with our husband. 比如說,我們可以告訴一個普通朋友昨天與丈夫吵架的事。
7. 同位語的分隔
She works all day, that is to say, from eight to five. 她整天在工作,也就是說,從上午八點到下午五點。
A Christmas gift, or rather a book American history, will be given to you. 你將會得到一件圣誕禮物,更確切地說,是一本關于美國歷史的書。
8. 詞組的分隔
Why different courses tend to stress types of content and not others depends very much, of course, on the objectives of the course. 當然,不同的課程強調不同內容的原因,主要取決于課程目標。
9. 先行詞與關系詞的分隔
There are some people, I am sure, who will say that the water is too cold. 我相信,有些人會說水太涼了。
10. 特殊疑問句中的分隔
插入語以一般疑問句的形式,置于特殊疑問詞之后。例如:
How long did she say she would stay here? 她說要在這里待多久?
Where did they suggest we should go during the summer holidays? 他們建議我們暑期到哪兒?
11. 狀語從句與主句之間的分隔
As we probe further, of course,the answer becomes more difficult and more complex. 當然,當我們進一步研究時,問題的難度變得更大而且更復雜了。
(作者單位:佛山市南海區黃岐高級中學)
責任編校 蔣小青endprint