摘要:目的 觀察膝關節置換術后關節腔內置管使用羅哌卡因持續局部浸潤鎮痛的效果。
關鍵詞:羅哌卡因;局部浸潤鎮痛; 膝關節置換術; 術后鎮痛
Continuous intraarticular infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative pain following total knee arthroplasty
XIONG Li-xian
( Department of Anesthesia,Qinzhou Hospital of traditional medicine, Qinzhou 535099,Guangxi,China)
Abstract:Objective To observe the effects of continuous intraarticular infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative pain following total knee arthroplasty(TKA). Methods 30 patients ,ASA I~II, undergoing selective TKA were randomly divided into two group with 15 cases each: the ropivacaine group(group A) and the control group(group B).Group A underwent continuous intraarticular infusion with 300 ml ropivacaine 0.2% at a speed of 5ml/h through an electronic infusion pump and group B had an infusion with 300ml saline at the same speed. Parameters analyzed over the first three days and at discharge included VAS scale, opioid use, incidence of side effects and length of hospital stay. Results Patients in group A showed a decrease in VAS and opioid use in the first three days. The incidence of postoperative side effect decreased in group A and length of hospital stay also reduced in group A compared to groupB .Conclusion Continuous intraartcular infusion of ropivacaine through an electronic pump is effective in relieving pain and reducing postoperative opioid use and length of hospital stay after TKA.
Key words:Local infiltration analgesia; Total knee arthroplasty; Postoperative analgesia
膝關節置換術(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)是修復膝關節功能、緩解膝關節疼痛的有效治療方法之一。然而術后疼痛可影響關節功能恢復,導致殘疾及其它各種并發癥。如何安全有效進行術后鎮痛值得關注。本研究旨在探討膝關節內置管,鹽酸羅哌卡因持續局部浸潤鎮痛用于膝關節置換術后鎮痛的有效性。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選擇本院于2009年1月~2010年5月收治,擇期行膝關節置換術的患者30例(男18例,女12例),年齡50~80歲,ASA分級I~II級,體重45~78kg。所有患者術前無惡心嘔吐、瘙癢、慢性疼痛史及局麻藥過敏史,無肝腎及凝血功能異常,術前24h為使用鎮痛藥。按隨機數字表法隨機分為兩組(每組15名):A組為羅哌卡因組,B組為對照組。
1.2方法
1.2.1麻醉方法 兩組患者均無術前用藥,采用全身麻醉。用異丙酚2mg/Kg、芬太尼30ug/Kg、維庫溴銨0.15mg/Kg進行麻醉誘導,異丙酚、瑞芬太尼、維庫溴銨維持麻醉。常規監測心電圖、無創血壓、動脈血氧飽和度和呼氣末二氧化碳濃度。手術由同一組醫生完成。
1.2.2鎮痛方法 膝關節內置管 術中完成假體置換固定后,由手術者在膝關節內上方約10cm用硬膜外導針穿入,經皮膚、皮下各層組織達膝關節腔內側,取出穿刺針芯,經穿刺針置入硬膜外導管,沿著假體內側達關節腔內后方,退出導針,保留皮膚外導管長度約20cm,安裝硬膜外導管的外置接口,經導管向關節腔內注射3ml生理鹽水,確定導管通暢后,妥善固定導管,以防脫出。……