王 曙, 吉 林, 于廣東
(江蘇省鹽城市第三人民醫(yī)院 麻醉科, 江蘇 鹽城, 224001)
鹽酸右美托咪啶對(duì)非體外循環(huán)冠脈搭橋患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)及血漿NT-proBNP的影響
王曙, 吉林, 于廣東
(江蘇省鹽城市第三人民醫(yī)院 麻醉科, 江蘇 鹽城, 224001)
摘要:目的探討鹽酸右美托咪啶(DxM)對(duì)非體外循環(huán)冠脈搭橋(OPCAB)患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)及心肌功能的影響。方法20例擬行OPCAB患者隨機(jī)分為鹽酸右美托咪啶組(實(shí)驗(yàn)組)和生理鹽水組(對(duì)照組),分別于麻醉用藥前(T0)、術(shù)后1 h(T1)、24 h(T2)、48 h(T3)測(cè)定血清肌鈣蛋白I (Troponin I)含量、心肌肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和血漿NT-proBNP濃度;并同時(shí)記錄血流動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)。結(jié)果與T0比較,2組患者M(jìn)BP、HR均明顯降低(P<0.05); 與對(duì)照組比較,實(shí)驗(yàn)組T1~T3時(shí)點(diǎn)HR和MAP顯著降低(P<0.05); 2組患者T1~T3時(shí)點(diǎn)肌鈣蛋白I、CK-MB、NT-proBNP濃度較T0明顯升高(P<0.01),且實(shí)驗(yàn)組較對(duì)照組濃度低(P<0.05)。結(jié)論鹽酸美托咪啶能減輕OPCAB患者心肌損害,有助于維持OPCAB患者圍術(shù)期血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的穩(wěn)定。
關(guān)鍵詞:鹽酸右美托咪啶; 腦利鈉肽; 冠狀動(dòng)脈分流術(shù)
Influence of dexmedetomidine on level of plasma
非體外循環(huán)冠狀動(dòng)脈搭橋術(shù)患者都存在比較嚴(yán)重的心肌缺血,手術(shù)、麻醉刺激引起交感神經(jīng)興奮,釋放兒茶酚胺,引起血壓升高、心率增快等不良心血管反應(yīng),可加重心肌缺血導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果,尤其是老年冠心病患者心臟儲(chǔ)備差,更應(yīng)該格外重視[1-3]。右美托咪啶(Dex)是一種新型高選擇性α2-腎上腺素受體激動(dòng)劑具有鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛以及抗交感神經(jīng)的作用,適用于老年冠心病手術(shù)患者的麻醉[4-5]。本研究探討鹽酸右美托咪啶連續(xù)輸注對(duì)OPCAB患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)及血漿NT-proBNP的影響。
1資料與方法
擇期行OPCAB患者20例,年齡58~76歲,體質(zhì)量55~82 kg, 心功能Ⅱ~Ⅲ級(jí)。排除情況:嚴(yán)重肝腎疾患,嚴(yán)重房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯,凝血功能障礙,手術(shù)中涉及第二種器官的。入選病例隨機(jī)分為右美托咪啶組(實(shí)驗(yàn)組)和生理鹽水組(對(duì)照組),每組10例。
麻醉術(shù)前用藥:肌肉注射嗎啡0.1 mg/kg和東莨菪堿0.005 mg/kg。所有患者采用咪達(dá)唑侖0.05 mg/kg、舒芬太尼0.5~1 μg/kg、哌庫溴銨0.15 mg/kg及異丙酚0.5~1 mg/kg行全麻誘導(dǎo),氣管內(nèi)插管。同時(shí)穿刺左橈動(dòng)脈和右頸內(nèi)靜脈,連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)動(dòng)脈血壓和中心靜脈壓,實(shí)驗(yàn)組于誘導(dǎo)前給予0.8 μg/kg右美托咪啶10 min泵注,誘導(dǎo)后加用0.6 μg/(kg·h)右美托咪啶維持麻醉,對(duì)照組則泵注相同劑量生理鹽水。麻醉維持采用丙泊酚和七氟醚靜吸復(fù)合麻醉,間斷靜脈注射舒芬太尼、哌庫溴銨。
監(jiān)測(cè)參數(shù)和指標(biāo):分別于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前(T0)、術(shù)后1 h(T1)、24 h(T2)和術(shù)后48 h(T3)取患者靜脈血2 mL,免疫熒光法測(cè)定血清肌鈣蛋白Ⅰ; 速率法全自動(dòng)生化分析儀測(cè)定CK-MB,羅氏Cobas e601型全自動(dòng)免疫分析儀采用電化學(xué)發(fā)光法測(cè)定血漿NT-proBNP濃度(試劑盒購自美國Roche公司)。
使用SPSS 13.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)處理,計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料采用方差分析和t檢驗(yàn),偏態(tài)分布的行對(duì)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換后采用上述檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2組患者在性別構(gòu)成、年齡、身高、體質(zhì)量、術(shù)前左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)、搭橋的冠狀動(dòng)脈支數(shù)及手術(shù)時(shí)間等差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。

表1 2組患者一般情況比較
與T0比較,2組患者M(jìn)BP、HR均明顯降低(P<0.05); 與對(duì)照組比較,實(shí)驗(yàn)組T1~T3時(shí)點(diǎn)HR和MAP降低有明顯差異(P<0.05); 2組患者T1~T3時(shí)點(diǎn)肌鈣蛋白I、CK-MB、NT-proBNP濃度較T0明顯升高(P<0.01), 而實(shí)驗(yàn)組較對(duì)照組濃度低(P<0.05)。見表2。

表2 2組圍術(shù)期MAP、HR和血肌鈣蛋白I、CK-MB、NT-proBNP變化
與T0比較,*P<0.05, **P<0.01; 與對(duì)照組比較, #P<0.05。
3討論
近年來,非體外循環(huán)冠脈搭橋手術(shù)成為治療終末期冠心病患者的有效手段之一。但手術(shù)、麻醉刺激引起系統(tǒng)炎性反應(yīng)介質(zhì)的釋放增加和交感神經(jīng)興奮從而增加心臟負(fù)擔(dān),加重心肌損害。心肌細(xì)胞受損后,肌鈣蛋白I, CK-MB釋放增加,由此判斷心肌壞死的情況。以往NT-proBNP應(yīng)用于充血性心力衰竭等疾病的診斷,是反映心肌損傷的又一經(jīng)典指標(biāo)[6-8], 鹽酸右美托咪啶是一種新型α2-腎上腺素受體激動(dòng)劑,α1與α2的效能比為1∶1 620, 半衰期6 min, 克服了可樂定選擇性不高、可控性差的弱點(diǎn),已廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床麻醉中的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)[9-10]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),鹽酸右美托咪啶在輔助全身麻醉方面可減少全麻藥物的用量,本研究中2組患者血漿NT-proBNP水平在術(shù)后1、24、48 h均比術(shù)前明顯增高,與CK-MB變化趨勢(shì)類似,說明NT-proBNP血漿水平與非體外循環(huán)冠脈搭橋患者心功能損傷程度密切相關(guān)。與對(duì)照組相比,右美托咪啶組患者圍術(shù)期心率、血壓均較對(duì)照組平穩(wěn),心率控制在理想范圍,更加有利于術(shù)者操作,減少了操作時(shí)間和術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,患者血漿NT-proBNP濃度升高比對(duì)照組低,其原因可能有: ① 鹽酸右美托咪啶能有效地抑制交感神經(jīng)興奮,減慢心率,降低心肌氧耗,心肌缺血再灌注時(shí)間減少有關(guān); ② 通過抑制體內(nèi)去甲腎上腺素,腎上腺素,皮質(zhì)醇等神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的釋放有關(guān); ③ 通過藍(lán)斑核和下丘腦的神經(jīng)體液調(diào)節(jié)[11-15]。
總之,血漿NT-proBNP濃度與非體外循環(huán)冠脈搭橋術(shù)心肌損害程度密切相關(guān)。鹽酸右美托咪啶可明顯降低非體外循環(huán)冠脈搭橋術(shù)患者血漿NT-proBNP濃度,提高患者圍術(shù)期血流動(dòng)力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性,減輕心肌損害。
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N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide and
hemodynamic in patient with off-pump
coronary artery bypass grafting
WANG Shu, JI Lin, YU Guangdong
(DepartmentofAnesthesiology,YanchengThirdPeople′sHospital,Yancheng,Jiangsu, 224001)
ABSTRACT:ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of dexmedetomidine on the level of plasma NT-proBNP and hemodynamics in patients with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). MethodsTwenty patients underwent OPCAB were randomly divided into dexmedetomidine group (experimental group) and saline group (control group). Venous blood samples were taken before induction (T0), 1 hour (T1), 24 hours (T2) and 48 hours (T3) after operation for determination of concentrations of Troponin I, CK-MB and plasma N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Hemodynamics parameters were recorded at the same time. ResultsCompared with those indexes at T0, HR and MAP reduced at T1to T3in both groups, and those indexes in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Plasma Troponin I, CK-MB and NT-proBNP concentrations in both groups increased significantly at T1to T3when compared with T0, and the levels of these indexes in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). ConclusionDexmedetomidine can effectively reduce cardiac injury, and it is helpful in maintaining stable hemodynamics of patients with OPCAB.
KEYWORDS:dexmedetomidine; brain Natrluretic peptide; coronary artery bypass
通信作者:吉林
收稿日期:2015-01-22
中圖分類號(hào):R 654
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號(hào):1672-2353(2015)15-075-03
DOI:10.7619/jcmp.201515022