陳惠桃
練好基礎寫作不是一蹴而就的事,一開始,學生往往會望其生畏而無從下手。其實,寫作基礎好與不好的學生,都應先從簡單句訓練開始,保證句子準確,少語法錯誤,然后才循序漸進,學會運用高級的復合句。
一、句子表達的正確性(Correctness)
1. 正確選詞(Using Proper Words)
在平時學生的作業中,我們經常會看到這樣的句子:(1)I with him still good friends. (2)I success.例(1)中,學生因為只知道“with”是用的意思,而不知道它是介詞,應該做狀語,就容易混淆了它在句子中的位置,并把它用作謂語了。例(2)中,學生不知道success的詞性,從而寫出錯誤的句子。所以,我們在平時的單詞教學中,一定要注重單詞詞性的講解和訓練。
2. 進行簡單句訓練,使句子正確有效(Making Correct and Effective Sentences)
例:中央電視臺主辦“漢語橋”比賽活動,其目的是為人們提供舞臺去展示漢語能力和激發他們學習漢語的熱情。有學生這樣翻譯:It is provide platform yourself Chinese able stage...
若不是進行時態或被動語態,句子中的謂語動詞一定不要用be,所以,教師在平時的教學中,可側重動詞方面的訓練。教師可以從訓練學生對動詞的翻譯開始。主辦比賽: host/ hold a competition.目的: aim to do. 提供舞臺去展示: offer sb. a stage to show/ provide sb. with a stage to show. 激發熱情去做: arouse/motivate ones passion to do sth.將上述詞組組成簡單句: A competition will be held on the CCTV. It aims to offer people a stage to show their Chinese ability and arouse their passion to learn Chinese.
二、句子之間的連貫性(Coherence)
作為篇章的紐帶,過渡詞語對寫作技巧的貢獻是不言而喻的。因此,在寫作教學中,要正確恰當地使用這些表示邏輯關系的關聯詞語,使文章前后連貫,結構緊湊。
例如以下兩個信息點:I am sure all the activities will do a lot of good to us students. Its a pity that I can only take part in two of them.兩句之間就可以加上but進行銜接:I am sure all the activities will do a lot of good to us students but its a pity that I can only take part in two of them.
又如,對于解決水污染問題提出的幾點建議,可用firstly,secondly,finally連接:Firstly, the government should take some effective measures to quit water pollution. Secondly, the factories are banned from pouring waste water into rivers. Finally, we are supposed to strengthen the citizens awareness of protecting the water resources.
三、句子結構的復雜性(Variety)
根據文章的長度,如果內容不多,可用簡單句,并適當增補內容。如果內容多,應多用并列句和復雜句。正確地使用各種句型,不僅能夠完成題目所要求的任務,還能使文章的句式變得更豐富、行文更加流暢、中心和主旨更加突出。因此,教師在英語寫作教學中,要讓學生掌握這些常用句型,以提高學生的寫作技巧。常見的句式有:非謂語動詞結構、同位語、定語從句及名詞性從句、with的復合結構等等。如上文中所舉的例子,可以改寫成:A competition called “Chinese Bridge” will be held on CCTV, which aims to offer people a stage to show their Chinese ability and arouse their passion to learn Chinese.
又如:1)Yuan Longping was born on September 7, 1937 in Chongqing. 2) Yuan Longping was from a poor farmers family.可合并成:Born in Chongqing on September 7, 1937, Yuan Longping was from a poor farmers family.
此外,還要注意指導學生多讀多背。要提高學生寫作能力,課堂上的訓練很重要。但學生基本功和課外知識的積累也是必不可少。學生平時可按照話題分類,多讀多背好句子、好文章、諺語等,會對基礎寫作的提高起到畫龍點睛的作用。
責任編輯 魏文琦