林天育
廣東省普通高考英語科考試從2011年開始分別進行筆試與聽力會話測試。其中,聽說考試占英語科總分(滿分150分)的10%。試題由三部分組成,即Part A - Reading Aloud(模仿朗讀),Part B - Role Play(角色扮演)和Part C - Retelling(故事復述)。其中,Part C - Retelling(故事復述)所占的分值最大(24分)。它要求考生先聽一段大約兩分鐘的獨白,錄音播放兩遍。考生準備一分鐘之后開始復述所聽的內容。要求考生盡可能使用自己的語言復述,而且復述內容應涵蓋盡可能多的原文信息點。選取的獨白體裁主要是記敘文。
一、考生常出現的問題和原因
筆者在平常考試和課堂訓練中發現不少考生不能準確、連貫和流利地復述故事,有的甚至是不敢開口,導致該題得分很低甚至得零分。學生答題出現的主要問題有:(1)只說出了部分內容,無法說出盡可能多的主要細節。(2)沒有抓住故事的主要細節,只是說出部分自己聽得懂的句子,無法復述整個故事內容。(3)由于某些詞語發音的近似,在復述時出現了口誤,使得所說內容與故事情節相去甚遠。(4)人物和故事情節沒有保持一致,張冠李戴,違背了故事原本的意思。(5)句子結構不準確,語法錯誤比較嚴重。(6)語流不連貫,發音不準確,沒有節奏感,經常出現一些不必要的停頓。(7)部分同學還存在技術性問題,如由于話筒的距離沒有調整好,導致呼吸聲過大,或音量太小,部分同學聲音比較低沉并且模糊不清,部分同學由于緊張而搶答導致開頭部分沒有被記錄在錄音中。
究其原因,有下面幾個:(1)沒有掌握復述的要領。(2)沒有很好利用題目所提供的故事梗概和關鍵詞。(3)平常很少開口大聲說英語,而收聽英語廣播或是英語節目就更少了,導致反應遲鈍。(4)自己淡化了對聽說部分的訓練,導致在考試過程中缺少應對的辦法。(5)英語基礎薄弱,語音語調不過關。
二、Part C-Retelling策略和技巧
1. 策略:采用摘要復述
摘要復述就是根據要求截取主要觀點、主要情節或內容。可以直接引用原作的語言,但不可避免地要對原作語言做必要的調整。因此,考生在復述過程中,只需按照故事發展過程盡可能多地說出故事的主要細節,使故事邏輯通順,內容完整,就算是完成了這部分的任務。
2. 技巧:“三部曲”
(1)讀和譯。在錄音開始前有15秒鐘的時間,學生可以利用這段時間快速地閱讀故事梗概和關鍵詞。讀,就是讀故事梗概和關鍵詞。故事梗概包括故事的起因、簡單過程和結局。關鍵詞就是支撐這個故事主要內容的詞語,它們所在的句子都是故事的主要細節。譯,就是把故事梗概和關鍵詞翻譯成3-4個句子。這幾個句子基本上就代表著整個故事最主要的內容。
2014廣東卷A
故事梗概:校車司機突然昏倒,Tom快速反應,踩剎車救了全車的人。
關鍵詞:unconscious(昏迷) ?brake(剎車) reaction(反應) hero(英雄) reward (報酬)
根據故事梗概和關鍵詞,可以把故事梗概細化成下面幾個細節:
校車司機突然昏倒。
Tom快速反應。
Tom踩剎車。
Tom救了全車的人。
把上面這四個句子快速地轉換成英文句子。
The bus driver was unconscious and fell down.
Tom made a quick reaction.
He stepped on the brake.
He saved all the people on the bus.
(2)聽和記。聽,就是聽故事的原文(錄音播放兩遍),弄清故事的主要情節和發展過程。上面這些句子將在聽力過程中起到引領的作用。在聽的過程中就會有的放矢,哪些細節重要,哪些細節不必要,心里清楚,不會出現丟了西瓜撿了芝麻的現象。聽時,把注意力放在與上面細節關系密切的內容,無須均衡使力。記,就是記錄與上面要點關系密切的細節。記錄時,無須苛求記錄整個完整的句子,有時能寫下一個動詞詞組或動賓結構就可以了。根據故事發展邏輯順序分別寫在每個要點上下,這樣方便對相關內容進行整理和組織。聽和記同時進行,這要求學生的注意力要高度集中,大腦思維和書寫能力高度協調。除此之外,還必須掌握一點速記的技巧。
第一個要點
Tom liked cars and often helped his father repaired cars.
One morning, he was on the school bus with other children.
the driver was not feeling well
1. The bus driver was unconscious and fell down.
bus started running off the road/ out of control
第二和第三個要點
2. Tom made a quick reaction.
Tried to move the driver aside
3. He stepped hard on the brake.
bus finally stopped
第四個要點
He saved all the people on the bus.
Save himself and other children
appeared on TV as a hero
his school hung a medal of honor
the bus company gave him a toy bus as a reward
father was proud of him
promise to teach him how to drive
(3)想和說。想,是想故事的發展邏輯;想如何組織句子,使得句子結構完整,語法項目使用得當,特別是動詞的正確形式;想如何使用銜接詞,使故事內容緊湊、自然、有序,確保整個故事內容的條理性和完整性。說,就是把上面所記錄的內容用聲音表達出來,必要時對部分內容進行改造和調整。首先,做一個深呼吸,緩解緊張的情緒,平復心情。其次,發音要清晰和準確,語音語調自然。最后,在確保語速適當的同時,要注意語流的流暢,盡可能減少不必要的停頓。
復述內容:
Tom was interested in cars and often helped his father repaired cars. One morning, he was on the school bus with other children. It happened that the driver was not feeling well and suddenly became unconscious that day. The bus started running off the road and was out of control. Tom made a quick reaction. He moved the driver aside and stepped hard on the brake quickly, and the bus finally stopped. Thanks to his quick reaction, everyone on the bus was saved. He appeared on TV and as a hero and became famous. In return for his quick reaction, he got a medal of honor from his school and the bus company also gave him a toy bus as a reward. His father was proud of him and promised to teach him how to drive when he was older. (140 words)
附錄音原文:
Tom liked everything about cars and often helped his father repair his old car. One morning, Tom was on the school bus with other children, they were chatting and laughing loudly as usual, but the bus driver was not feeling very well that day. While he was trying to stop the bus by the roadside, the driver suddenly became unconscious, it all happened without any warning. The bus was out of control and started running off the road. The children on the bus were terrified and began screaming. Tom was sitting in the back of the bus but he rushed to the front within seconds. He tried his best to move the bus driver aside and stepped hard on the brakes. The bus finally stopped. Tom save himself and all the other children from the disaster. The quick reaction of Tom made the news all over the country. He appeared on TV as a hero. His school hung a medal of honor around his neck. The bus company gave him a toy bus as a reward. Toms father was very proud of his son. He promised to teach him how to drive when he was older. (196 words)
三、備考建議
1. 多聽錄音,并跟著錄音認真模仿朗讀,提高語音、語調和節奏的質量。錄音是很好的老師。反復聽錄音,刻苦操練,這是最簡單并且有效的語言學習方法。《新概念英語》第二冊就是最好的材料。
2. 多開口說,把握一切可以鍛煉英語口語的機會,提高口頭表達能力。在聽完錄音后,向同學或是對著鏡子,大膽地說出所聽到的內容,哪怕是故事的部分內容。循序漸進,增強自己說英語的膽量和自信心。
3. 多動筆,記錄聽到并能夠寫出來的內容,一遍不行,就兩遍,循序漸進,提升記錄能力和書寫速度。有意識地培養速記的能力,積累一套屬于自己的豐富有效的速記符號。
4. 多實戰演練,在最后一個月里,每天都堅持花10分鐘坐下來專門練一練歷屆高考題目,按照上面介紹的答題技巧和過程進行模擬訓練。一邊聽一邊記錄故事的要點,聽完故事后,快速串聯要點,組織內容,并大聲地說出整個故事的內容。逐步培養和強化自己故事復述能力,增強自己的實戰能力。
責任編輯 ? ?魏文琦