姚祎 趙蕊
摘 要:為明確大學生農村創(chuàng)業(yè)工作在新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設中的地位和作用,通過對新型城鎮(zhèn)化的概念、目標、實現(xiàn)途徑及農村科技創(chuàng)業(yè)人才困境進行分析,指出大學生農村創(chuàng)業(yè)不僅可以緩解高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)壓力,而且能夠通過服務三農,促進新型城鎮(zhèn)化科學發(fā)展。筆者結合安徽省大學生村官農村基層創(chuàng)業(yè)的實證調研,發(fā)現(xiàn)當前大學生農村創(chuàng)業(yè)工作中存在政府規(guī)劃缺位、服務平臺不完善、創(chuàng)業(yè)經驗不足、項目科技含量不高、企業(yè)示范效應不強等問題,提出制定大學生農村創(chuàng)業(yè)規(guī)劃、完善農村創(chuàng)業(yè)服務平臺、加強創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)等對策建議。
關鍵詞:新型城鎮(zhèn)化;科技創(chuàng)新;大學生;農村;創(chuàng)業(yè)
中圖分類號:C912.82 文獻標志碼:A 論文編號:casb14100123
Abstract: In order to define the role of undergraduate enterpreneurship in the new process of urbanization, definition, goal, realization approach of urbanization and lack of career-creating talents were analyzed. Then the author pointed out that undergraduate enterpreneurship in the country could not only alleviate the employment pressure of college graduates but also facilitate the scientific development of urbanization by serving agriculture, farmer and rural area. Combined with the actual instances of college-graduate village officials innovative undertaking in Anhui Province, the author found that there were quite a lot of problems, such as the lack of government planning, imperfect service platform, inexperienced entrepreneurship experience, low level of scientific and technology standards, low-efficient business demonstration, etc. The paper proposed that government plans should be made, service platforms should be constructed and training should be provided for college students who intended to start up a business.
Key words: New Process of Urbanization; Scientific and Technological Innovation; Undergraduates; Rural Areas; Entrepreneurship
0 引言
城鎮(zhèn)化是人類社會發(fā)展的必然趨勢。21世紀以來,中國城鎮(zhèn)化建設取得了舉世矚目的成就。據國家統(tǒng)計局報告顯示,2012年城鎮(zhèn)人口已過半數(shù),城鎮(zhèn)化率已達52.57%[1]。伴隨著城鎮(zhèn)化建設的快速發(fā)展,城鄉(xiāng)二元結構、耕地面積銳減、生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化等問題始終很突出。為提升經濟增長質量,促進社會和諧、可持續(xù)發(fā)展,國務院總理李克強提出走“新型城鎮(zhèn)化”道路,注重質量提升、低能耗、低污染的集約式發(fā)展。
為推動“新型城鎮(zhèn)化”建設,黨的十八屆三中全會提出要“完善扶持創(chuàng)業(yè)的優(yōu)惠政策,形成政府激勵創(chuàng)業(yè)、社會支持創(chuàng)業(yè)、勞動者勇于創(chuàng)業(yè)新機制”,強調“實行激勵高校畢業(yè)生自主創(chuàng)業(yè)政策”。在新型城鎮(zhèn)化進程中,對于大學生到農村創(chuàng)業(yè)具有什么功能以及如何發(fā)揮作用等問題,需要從理論與實踐的層面展開探討。……