【摘 要】閱讀是學生英語學習的重要輸入途徑之一,而寫作則是語言輸出的一種方式,兩者相輔相成,有助于提高學生的綜合語言應用能力。讀寫整合課融合了閱讀與寫作,需要教師在閱讀教學的同時進行寫作能力的培養,分析閱讀文章的篇章結構,輸入相關詞匯和句型,為寫作打下堅實基礎。
【關鍵詞】讀寫整合模式教學 公開課 寫作能力
【中圖分類號】G632 【文獻標識碼】A 【文章編號】1674-4810(2015)20-0030-02
英語讀寫整合課是人教版高中英語教材Using Language部分的重要課型之一。該課型基于閱讀文本的解讀,著眼于提高學生在英語學習中獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力,特別注重提高學生用英語進行思維和表達的能力。因此,開展讀寫結合課程是發展學生綜合語言運用能力的重要途徑。但在教學實踐中,部分教師對該課型教學認識模糊,教學過程設計缺乏新意,導致該課型教學不能真正提高學生綜合語言運用能力。2014年9月26日,浙江省金華市某高中一位老師的一節讀寫整合公開課,帶給英語教師許多啟發和感悟。
這節公開課的主題是主題公園(人教版高中英語教材必修4 Unit 5)。課堂上,該老師緊緊圍繞主題公園這個話題,巧妙分析文章結構與內容,同時將閱讀所學靈活運用到寫作中,激發學生興趣,提高了課堂效率。該老師是這樣循序漸進地完成教學目標的。
一 導入:在自由交談中
【鏡頭一】由于公開課的學生是該老師之前未接觸過的,因此該老師首先利用自我介紹這個契機,與學生進行自由交談,從而自然地導入閱讀中的部分生詞,同時活躍了班級氣氛:
師:Hello everyone,I used to introduce myself a lot,you can call me Vivian.
生:Vivian.
師:Yes,Vivian. Not that Vivian in Taiwan,she is a goddess. OK,but when you pronounce my name,you need to be very careful,because the word can be easily pronounced as“feifeian”.
生:Feifeian…
師:Do you know this is a terrifying name. Do you know terrifying? Terrifying,it’s a terrifying name,because it sounds like“fei fei an”.
生:Hahahaha…
該老師利用自我介紹,創設了真實交際的語境,通過隨意的交談,學生可以放松心態,集中注意力,更活躍地投入到課堂教學活動中去。同時,新詞的累積能夠降低之后的閱讀難度,提高閱讀效率。
二 閱讀:在層層挖掘中
【鏡頭二】在巧妙導入課堂后,該老師以啟發式教學為主,帶領學生找出文章中有關各種主題公園的內容,并加以概括歸納:
師:Please read paragraph 2 to 4,and while you are reading,try to find when the author introduced the parks,what information is included?
生:The three parks have three different themes.
師:Yes,excellent! Themes,right,themes. Anything else?
生:And Disneyland is about fairy-tales and Disney characters.
師:Characters,yes! Is other information included?
生:There are different activities.
師:Yes,excellent,there are different activities. Anything else?“Several parks of the world,smoking mountains,southeastern USA and England”,what’s this?
生:Location.
師:Yes,good! So these three,theme,location and activities,are the three factors we need to be included in an introduction.
【鏡頭三】在歸納了文章的主要信息之后,教師運用生活中的實例,自然地從文章的內容過渡到詞句的理解,幫助學生積累好詞好句。接著,教師進一步引導學生把握文本類型(廣告型的介紹文),找出文中的口號。至此,文章的內容成分、寫作的技巧、好詞好句都得到了充分的學習:
師:If you want to attract more people to come to your theme park,what else information do you need to give? For example,she is beautiful. If I only give you the sentence,she is beautiful,you feel nothing. But what if I say she is a girl with long dark hair and deep black eyes and rosy lips? So what do we need?
生:Details.
師:Yes,details, or we need to use attractive words. We need to use very attractive words to attract people. So I want you to read these three paragraphs again and try to locate some attractive words that used to describe the parks.
...
師:OK,so now we have attractive words. But actually,in addition to the words,what other things should be included? Words,and we have...(用手勢做長條狀)
生:Sentences.
...
師:We have another very important thing. That’s“If you want to have fun and more than fun,come to Disneyland...”. So these sentences are not beautiful,but what are they?
生:口號……
三 寫作:在興趣引導中
【鏡頭四】讀寫整合課上的閱讀屬于交際性閱讀,而不是以語言知識為主要目的的分析性閱讀,因此,在詞匯用法和語法結構的講解上不應耗時過多,要安排足夠教學時間供學生進行初稿寫作和修改。同時,讀寫整合課有助于提高學生寫作學習的動機和水平,進而有效地達到以讀促寫的目的。因此,該老師關注了學生的興趣,以此為動機,號召學生以感興趣的內容設計一個主題公園,且寫作以小組合作方式展開,學生的積極性得到了提升,現場氣氛十分活躍:
師:Suppose you are a designer,design a park you like. Four people a group,use the paper on your desk,you need to write down introduction,a brief introduction.
生:Our park’s name is“Sherlock Homes is in the park”. There are serious exciting and amazing cases for you to solve with Sherlock Homes and Doctor Watson,many classic things from the novel will come true in the real life. As you wander around the fantastic park,you will see them. What’s more,a film about the wedding of Sherlock Homes and Doctor Watson. Come with us,Sherlock,Watson and Moriarty are all here waiting for you.
生:The theme of our apartment is Love Apartment. You can bare to miss it. It will provide with great opportunities to see memorable things and drama by yourself,and souvenir can be a small part,there is a chance that you can see the stars face to face. Just coming!
...
新課程倡導“自主、合作、探究”的學習方式,從寫作模式來看,充分的小組合作促進了生生、師生、師生與書本之間的多項互動,協商調整,集思廣益,學有“新”得。從學生習作來看,學生充分結合了自己的興趣以及閱讀部分所學的知識,這些習作充分展示了他們對本節課知識點的掌握和恰當運用。總體來說,讀寫結合的英語教學方式比傳統讀寫分開的教學方式更有實效性,更有利于挖掘學生的潛能,提高學生的綜合語言運用能力。結果證明,這堂課十分受學生歡迎,教師語言幽默風趣,學生邊學邊玩,又在最后習作展示環節形成競爭,課堂氣氛也因有了思考、交流和討論變得生動活躍。
參考文獻
[1]徐浩、高彩鳳.英語專業低年級讀寫結合教學模式的實驗研究[J].現代外語,2007(2):184~190
[2]李俊.語法公開課:鏡頭與欣賞——以《牛津高中英語》模塊6 Unit 3“虛擬語氣”為例[J].教育研究與評論(中學教育教學),2013(11)
〔責任編輯:林勁〕