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歐洲九大珍寶(上)

2015-04-29 00:00:00Fromnytimes.com譯/CeciliaWei
新東方英語 2015年3期

Brussels:

Chocolate

布魯塞爾:

巧克力

瑪麗巧克力店

Nearly half the chocolate consumed in the world is savored in Europe, and Belgium—with per-capita consumption of 14.99 pounds a year—certainly devours its fair share. While Brussels, the country’s capital, is home to hundreds of chocolatiers, what makes a visit imperative1), at least from a chocophile’s perspective, is the rich heritage of artisanal2) chocolate-makers.

And none epitomizes3) the nation’s devotion to craft and quality more than Mary. Mary Delluc established her business in 1919 on the Rue Royale, the route the king took to the Royal Palace each day. In 1942 she achieved her goal of becoming the chocolate purveyor to the royal family, an honor that was bestowed on the brand three more times, most recently in 2013.

“We went back to the roots of Mary,” the managing director, Olivier Borgerhoff, said, noting the return to the original white-and-gold color scheme4) and prominence of the oblong5) logo. As for the chocolate, it might as well be the 20th century. “We don’t change the types of chocolates often,” Mr. Borgerhoff said. “We try to improve the choices we have.” That means sourcing top-quality ingredients and eschewing6) preservatives7) and unnatural additives.

Another chocolatier, Debailleul, is decidedly more whimsical. The small chain, established in 1983 by Marc Debailleul, produces bonbons and ballotins8) that are so refined and beautiful, it’s almost—almost—a shame to indulge. The options are limited: traditional pralines9) and creamy ganaches, many hand-painted with cupids, the letter “D” or other flourishes, and vanilla, coffee and caramel-flavored truffles10).

全世界消費的所有巧克力中,有將近一半被歐洲人吃掉了,而比利時的巧克力人均消費量達到每年14.99磅——這無疑占了相當大的比重。該國首都布魯塞爾有數百家巧克力制造商,但至少從一個巧克力狂的角度來看,這里之所以成為必游之地是因為擁有手工巧克力制造商的豐富遺產。

其中,“瑪麗”比其他品牌更能體現這個國家對工藝與品質的專注。瑪麗·德呂克于1919年在王室大道開創了自己的事業,這是國王每天前往王宮的路線。1942年,她實現了成為王室御用巧克力供應商的目標。該品牌后來又曾三次獲此殊榮,最近的一次是2013年。

談到該品牌重新采用最初的白色與金色色彩設計和著名的橢圓形標志時,總經理奧利維爾·伯格霍夫表示:“我們回歸到了瑪麗品牌的根基所在。”至于巧克力,最好還是20世紀的樣子。“我們并不經常改變巧克力的種類,”伯格霍夫先生說,“我們試圖改善我們現有的可供選擇的品種。”這意味著采購最優質的原料,避免使用防腐劑和非天然的添加劑。

另一家巧克力制造商“德百麗”顯然更精靈古怪。這家小型連鎖企業于1983年由馬克·德百麗創辦,生產糖果和禮盒裝巧克力。這些糖果和巧克力太精致、美麗了,縱情享用它們簡直——簡直——讓人有罪惡感。這家店可選的產品有限:傳統的果仁糖和奶油甘那許巧克力(其中很多帶有手繪的丘比特畫像、字母“D”或其他裝飾圖案),還有香草味、咖啡味和焦糖味的松露巧克力。

Budapest:

Paprika

布達佩斯:

紅椒粉

中央集市的調料攤位

The job of preparing Hungarian paprika was once considered too dangerous for mothers to do. The peppers grown in Szeged11)—one of the country’s two primary paprika-producing regions—were so spicy that a woman who touched her children upon returning from work risked burning them, so only the elderly and unmarried were allowed the delicate task of separating the membrane12) from the flesh. But by the early 20th century, sweeter varieties and a machine that extracted the veins turned paprika into an equal opportunity employer and a common feature of all Hungarian cuisine. “All of our basic dishes have it,” said the Budapest-based food journalist Dorottya Czuk.

So omnipresent13) is paprika that you can get it at any Budapest supermarket, but the chains offer no guarantee of quality or origin. The Central, or Great, Market Hall is a good place to start. Built at the end of the 19th century, its soaring brick, iron and tile exterior alone is worth visiting. But three stories of stalls inside hold their own delights, paprika chief among them. On Fridays and Saturdays, farmers sell their homemade spice in transparent plastic bags. “That’s good,” Ms. Czuk said, “because you can see how red it is. You want a really vibrant color.”

Aroma is also important: Fresh paprika should smell sweet and a little funky, like hay in a stable. And there are different categorizations: Kulonleges, or “special quality,” is the mildest and sweetest; eros is the spiciest.

制作匈牙利紅椒粉的工作一度被認為太危險,不適合母親們做。賽格德是該國兩個主要的紅椒粉產地之一,那里出產的辣椒非常辣,如果一位婦女下班回家后觸摸到自己的孩子,就有灼傷他們的風險。因此只有年長者和未婚者才允許從事分離辣椒表皮與果肉的細活。但20世紀初出現了更甜的品種和一種能夠去除辣椒筋的機器,這使得紅椒粉行業可以提供平等的就業機會,也使紅椒粉成為所有匈牙利美食共有的特色。“我們的基本菜肴中都有這種原料。”布達佩斯的美食記者多羅蒂亞·楚克說道。

紅椒粉無所不在,你可以在布達佩斯的任何超市買到,但這些連鎖企業無法保證質量和原產地。中央集市,又叫大集市,是購買紅椒粉的不錯起點。該集市建于19世紀末,單單是用磚、鐵欄和瓷磚修建的高聳外墻就值得一游。而集市內部三層樓的攤位也擺放著值得品賞之物,紅椒粉是其中最討喜的。每逢周五和周六,農民就會把他們自制的調味料放在透明的塑料袋內出售。“這樣很好,”楚克女士說,“因為你能看到調味料有多么紅。你想要非常鮮亮的顏色。”

香氣也很重要:新鮮的紅椒粉聞起來應該很甜,而且有點兒霉味,就像馬廄內的干草。紅椒粉有不同的分類:“特殊品質”類是最清淡、最甜的一種;標有“eros”(編注:eros在匈牙利語中意為“濃烈的”)字樣的則是最辣的。

中央集市的調料攤位

Florence:Silk

佛羅倫薩:絲綢

菲奧倫蒂諾古絲綢鋪

Down a quiet lane in the San Frediano district of Florence, beyond an iron gate and leafy courtyard, is Antico Setificio Fiorentino, the sole remaining artisan silk workshop in the city. Since moving to this location (Via Lorenzo Bartolini 4) in 1786, the small factory has maintained uninterrupted production, despite wars and floods. The art of silk-making in Florence flourished in the Renaissance, when noble families amassed fortunes and fame by producing exquisite silks. That tradition endures at Antico Setificio Fiorentino, where silks are woven by hand on antique looms using Renaissance patterns.

During a recent tour, the designer Maurizio Bonas rattled off the illustrious names of historic Florentine clans—Corsini, Pucci, Strozzi—whose signature patterns are still being produced. “When you go inside many historical houses in Italy, it’s Antico Setificio that did them,” said Mr. Bonas, who noted that the factory’s silks also adorn rooms in the Vatican, the Palazzo Vecchio14) and the Tribuna degli Uffizi15) in Florence, and even in the Kremlin in Moscow.

“To make these kinds of fabric, we cannot use the modern machines,” Mr. Bonas said, pulling out a roll of sumptuous16) blue embroidered silk velvet17) made with 350,000 stitches per meter. One worker who was weaving a cream-colored damask18) from a design named for the Renaissance painter Pinturicchio could be expected to complete only 80 to 100 centimeters of the fabric per day. And because the small factory employs only 20 artisans, production is predictably limited—and costly. In the adjoining showroom, walls are lined with bolts of silk, from plush velvets and intricate damasks to diaphanous19) taffetas20). Decorative pillows are adorned with hand-woven trims. And, on a table, a basket is filled with sachets21) made of Ermisino22), a shimmering silk taffeta that dates back 500 years.

在佛羅倫薩市的圣弗雷迪亞諾區,沿著一條安靜的小巷走下去,穿過一道鐵門和落滿葉子的庭院,就來到了菲奧倫蒂諾古絲綢鋪——該市僅存的唯一一家手工絲綢作坊。自從1786年搬到現在這個地址(洛倫佐巴爾托里尼大街4號),這家小工廠就不曾中斷過生產,即便是發生了戰爭和洪水也是如此。佛羅倫薩的絲綢制作工藝興盛于文藝復興時期,當時的一些貴族家庭憑借自己生產的精美絲綢積累了財富和名聲。這一傳統在菲奧倫蒂諾古絲綢鋪得以延續,該店鋪的絲綢是在古老的織布機上手工紡織,采用了文藝復興時期的圖案。

最近一次到訪時,古絲綢鋪的設計師毛里齊奧·博納斯對佛羅倫薩古老家族的大名如數家珍——科西尼、普奇、斯特羅齊——這些家族的標志性圖案仍在生產。“當你走進意大利的許多歷史性建筑時,就會看到古絲綢鋪的產品。”博納斯先生說。他還講到,該工廠的絲綢還裝點了梵蒂岡宮、韋奇奧宮、佛羅倫薩的烏菲茲美術館甚至莫斯科的克里姆林宮的房間。

“要想制作這些種類的織物,我們不能使用現代的機器。”博納斯先生一邊說,一邊拿出一卷奢華的藍色刺繡絲絨,這種織物每米由35萬針織成。一名工人正在織一種奶油色的錦緞,其設計以文藝復興畫家平托瑞丘命名,估計這名工人每天僅能織80至100厘米。而且這家小工廠僅雇用了20名工匠,因此我們可以料想到它的產量很有限,而且成本昂貴。在旁邊的展廳,墻上掛滿了一匹匹絲綢,有長毛絲絨、精致的錦緞,還有半透明的塔夫綢。裝飾枕上飾有手織的圖案。桌子上的一個籃子裝滿了用艾莫斯諾制作的香囊。艾莫斯諾是一種會閃光的絲質塔夫綢,具有500年的悠久歷史。

Istanbul:

Scent

伊斯坦布爾:

香水

洛肯的產品

Don’t visit Lokum Istanbul if you have a cold. Functioning olfactory23) passages and taste buds are essential for appreciating the exotic scents and sweets stacked in glass cases and on black lacquer shelves around this boutique24) on the European side of the city, which sits astride two continents.

A feast for the nose awaits in Lokum’s signature colognes25), which were developed by the owner, Zeynep Keyman, from classic Turkish essences like rose, fig, tea and mimosa.

Lokum transforms some of those same ingredients (rose, fig) and others (lemon, pistachio, walnut) into its own lokum—better known in the West as Turkish delight—the soft gelatin26) cubes that have been synonymous with Istanbul for centuries. Or try the store’s akide sekeri, a hard candy in flavors like rose, fig, bergamot and cinnamon.

The eyes also get a dose of exotic stimuli. Inspired by “the mystic side of the East and the luxury of the West,” as Ms. Keyman puts it, a glass dome diffuses sunlight into the shop, much as in traditional Turkish baths. And most of the products come in boxes embossed with illustrated Ottoman-era27) scenes—mosques, pashas28), pavilions—that Ms. Keyman and a Paris-based design firm derived from centuries-old toile de Jouy29) prints.

Even the brain finds stimulation at Lokum. The pages of Lokum, an illustrated book commissioned by Ms. Keyman, recount the history and mythology of the celebrated sweet, which was invented in Istanbul in the late 18th century by a confectioner named Bekir Affendi, whose shop churns out lokum and other candies to this day. The tome is probably best read by the glow of a rose-scented Lokum candle in a silver fez30)-shaped holder.

如果你感冒了,就不要探訪位于伊斯坦布爾的洛肯商店了。在橫跨兩個大洲的伊斯坦布爾,這家精品店位于這座城市在歐洲的一側,店內的玻璃陳列柜里與黑漆架子上堆放著充滿異域風情的香水和糖果,要想好好品賞這些產品,良好的嗅覺通道和味蕾是關鍵。

為鼻子奉上嗅覺盛宴的是洛肯的招牌古龍香水,由該店店主澤伊內普·凱曼利用玫瑰、無花果、茶和含羞草等經典土耳其精油制成。

洛肯利用相同的某些原料(玫瑰、無花果)以及其他原料(檸檬、開心果、核桃),制成了自家特色的土耳其軟糖——在西方它更為常見的名字是“土耳其之悅”。千百年來,這些柔軟的明膠方塊已經成為伊斯坦布爾的同義詞。或者嘗嘗這家店的阿克袋糖,這是一種硬糖,有玫瑰、無花果、香檸檬和肉桂等口味。

眼睛也能感受到強烈的異域風情。據凱曼女士稱,受到“東方神秘與西方奢華”的啟發,商店設計了玻璃穹頂,能將陽光散射至店內,就像傳統的土耳其浴室那樣。這里的大多數產品都是盒裝的,盒子上的凸飾描繪了奧斯曼帝國時代的場景——清真寺、帕夏、亭臺。這是凱曼女士和一家巴黎設計公司從古老的約依印花布上的圖案中獲得的。

就連大腦也能在洛肯找到興奮點。凱曼女士委托創作的插圖書《洛肯》講述了這種著名糖果的歷史與神話。18世紀末,甜品師貝克爾·阿芬迪在伊斯坦布爾發明了這種糖果,他的商店至今仍在大量生產土耳其軟糖和其他糖果。將玫瑰味的洛肯蠟燭置于土耳其氈帽形狀的銀色燭臺上,伴著它的燭光閱讀這個大部頭,這可能是再好不過的了。

圖書《洛肯》里的插圖

Lisbon:

Tiles

里斯本:

瓷磚

太陽瓷磚專營店

Is there a bluer country than Portugal? The blue sky and Atlantic Ocean embrace the land. And all across Portugal, the typically blue designs of ceramic tiles are spread across churches, monasteries, castles, palaces, university halls, parks, train stations, hotel lobbies and apartment facades. The result is an embellished land of Christian saints, biblical episodes, Portuguese kings, historical glories, pastoral31) idylls32), aristocrats at leisure, landscapes, seascapes, floral designs and, above all, geometric motifs.

Thousands of specimens, from the 15th century to the 1930s, fill Solar, a nearly 60-year-old Lisbon tile specialist and antique dealer. Stacks of tiles and hanging panels embody historical styles such as Hispano-Moorish33), Renaissance, Baroque, neo-Classical, Art Nouveau34) and Art Deco35). Blue and white are the star colors, though yellow, green, brown and other hues sometimes play supporting roles.

還有比葡萄牙更藍的國度嗎?藍色的天空和大西洋擁抱著這片土地。在葡萄牙各地,瓷磚通常采用藍色的設計,被廣泛用于教堂、修道院、城堡、宮殿、大學禮堂、公園、火車站、賓館大堂和公寓立面。一個裝飾精美的國度就此形成,裝飾圖案包括基督教圣人、圣經故事、葡萄牙國王、歷史榮耀、質樸的田園風光、閑適貴族、陸地風光、海上風景、花卉圖案以及最為常見的幾何圖形。

“太陽”是一家擁有將近60年歷史的里斯本瓷磚專營店與古董店,店里擺滿了從15世紀到20世紀30年代的數千種瓷磚樣品。成堆的瓷磚和掛屏體現了各種歷史風格,諸如西班牙摩爾、文藝復興、巴洛克、新古典主義、新藝術和裝飾派風格。藍色和白色是主色調,不過黃色、綠色、棕色和其他色調有時會充當配角。logobiao.psd

1. imperative [?m?per?t?v] adj. 必要的,極重要的

2. artisanal [ɑ?(r)?t?z(?)n?l] adj. 手工的,手工藝的

3. epitomize [??p?t?ma?z] vt. 代表,象征;體現

4. color scheme:色彩設計

5. oblong [??bl??] adj. 橢圓形的

6. eschew [?s?t?u?] vt. 避開,避開

7. preservative [pr??z??(r)v?t?v] n. 防腐劑

8. ballotin [?b?l?t?n] n. 禮盒裝巧克力

9. praline [?prɑ?li?n] n. 果仁糖

10. truffle [?tr?f(?)l] n. 松露巧克力

11. Szeged:賽格德,匈牙利南部的一個城市

12. membrane [?mem?bre?n] n. 膜

13. omnipresent [??mn??prez(?)nt] adj. 無所不在的,普遍存在的

14. Palazzo Vecchio:韋奇奧宮,又譯舊宮,是過去意大利佛羅倫薩共和國的市政廳。

15. Tribuna degli Uffizi:烏菲茲美術館,意大利最大的美術館,世界上最古老、藏品最豐富的博物館之一

16. sumptuous [?s?mpt?u?s] adj. 奢侈的,華麗的

17. velvet [?velv?t] n. 天鵝絨

18. damask [?d?m?sk] n. 花緞,錦緞

19. diaphanous [da???f?n?s] adj. (布料)輕薄透明的

20. taffeta [?t?f?t?] n. 塔夫綢

21. sachet [?s??e?] n. 香囊

22. Ermisino:艾莫斯諾,一種特殊的、文藝復興時期風格的塔夫綢,由真絲制成,具有閃光的效果。

23. olfactory [?l?f?kt(?)ri] adj. 嗅覺的

24. boutique [bu??ti?k] n. 精品店

25. cologne [k??l??n] n. 古龍香水

26. gelatin [?d?el?t?n] n. 明膠

27. Ottoman-era:奧斯曼帝國時代(1290~1922)

28. pasha [?pɑ???] n. 帕夏(舊時奧斯曼帝國和北非高級文武官員的稱號,置于姓名之后)

29. toile de Jouy:約依印花布,是一種白底單色印花布,顏色以黑、白、藍、棕、綠色為主,圖案主要描繪田園牧歌般的景色。

30. fez [fez] n. 土耳其帽,為地中海東岸各國男人所戴,通常為紅色并飾有長黑纓的圓筒形無邊氈帽。

31. pastoral [pɑ?st(?)r?l] adj. 田園風光的

32. idyll [??d(?)l] n. 田園風光;質樸宜人的場景

33. Hispano-Moorish:西班牙摩爾風格的,8世紀至16世紀西班牙的一種建筑風格,具有蹄形拱和華麗裝飾的特征。

34. Art Nouveau:新藝術派,19世紀90年代流行的一種裝飾與建筑風格

35. Art Deco:裝飾派,誕生于20世紀20年代的一種建筑風格,重視幾何塊體、重復線條以及曲折線的表現形式。

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