Walk into the world of Haydn

孫凡慧

Joseph Haydn （Joseph Haydn， 1732---1809） is one of the important representatives of Vienna classical music school. It is called "the father of symphony". The founder of Vienna classical music school made a great contribution to the final formation of the classical style. Of all his works， the most important genre is symphony. In this paper， Haydn symphony is divided into periods to discuss Haydn's main contributions to the symphony and the evolution of his writing style.

For more than two centuries， many of his works have always been loved by the people of the world. He has always enjoyed a high reputation as the father of the symphony， the founder of modern orchestral music， and the classical music master of Vienna. In the history of European music in eighteenth Century， Haydn was a rare prolific composer. His works almost covered all genres and forms in the field of music creation， including the prelude and all kinds of musical instruments Concerto， piano music， and rapper. But Haydn's greatest achievement lies in his two symphonies and String Quartets， and his most brilliant work should be his symphony.

In his life， Haydn created more than 100 symphonies. From the social background of Haydn's works， the process of his creation can be divided into three different stages. Next， we will analyze Haydn's symphony in stages， and analyze and feel the charm of Haydn's symphony.

First， early （before 1768）

Haydn's creation in this period is closely related to the music. The so-called "fun" is "a general name， a kind of work such as Nocturne， recomposition， and Nocturne， which is officially shown by its numerous variations， as a" pleasing "entertainment， as a form of music， the play is between early suite and more advanced room music， and the latter eventually replaced it. ".

From his early symphony， we can see that there is no orderly application of the principle of development. The earliest Symphony came from the early three movement of classicism， which was evolved from the prelude of Italy opera. Some of them also carried the legacy of the baroque church sonata. By 1762， the third symphony in G major， created by Haydn， has the format of the four movement of Classicism： the Allegro - the board - the small step and the middle of the three - the Allegro. The sonata form of the first movement is often used as a slow introduction. The theme material is played by strings and woodwinds. The stable and unstable phrases intersect to form a balanced syntax. Sometimes the sub theme is based on the theme of the main part. In the early stage of his symphony， the expansion part was developed by using the method of motive expansion. The beginning of the playback Department sometimes makes some camouflage. The end is short. The second movement is calm and elegant， and it is a relaxation point after the first complex movement， forming a great contrast. As the first two movements are often more serious， the mini dance as a relatively easy and short form is not enough to collect the whole song. As a result， Haydn began to add a finale after the small step dance in 60s， a fast board or a few classes of two racquets to better achieve the function of the whole tune. This fast finale often carries noisy fabrics and Haydn's unique wit. All these show the relationship between the origin of the dance music of the third movement of the symphony and the music of the time， thus it can be seen that Haydn's early music was closely related to the music.

Two， medium-term （1768 - 1788）

Haydn's Symphony created during this period represents his mature style， some of which are intensely emotional. This is a moment.

Haydn gradually gave up the music form of the music， got rid of the influence of the gorgeous style， carried out a lot of bold experiment and innovation， and sought a new style of instrumental music which reflected the spirit of the times.

Haydn gradually separated from the style of the symphony which was mainly the prelude of opera， and disappeared in his symphonic language to seek a new style of instrumental music which reflected the spirit of the times. The representative works of this period， such as forty-fourth， forty-fifth and 47， are all larger than the earlier works， a wider theme， more logical and more colorful， especially in the forty-fifth symphony， also known as the second movement of the farewell symphony and the harmonic application of the final slow movement， Haydn. In an example， in eighteenth Century， the F minor was used. This bold attempt shows the characteristics of his creation during this period. In a word， Haydn's bold experiment and innovation of the symphony made him gradually mature through a "pure music" way of thinking and using "pure instrumental music" in his writing style.

Three， late （after 1788）

During this period， Haydn finally established his mature classicism style， which was fully reflected in his symphony. In the symphony works， he created a symphonic style similar to "conversational style". Citing Gebel's speech in his encyclopedia Dictionary （1790）， he expounded the style of Haydn's symphony.

The 12 London Symphony （ninety-third - 104）， which was created in 90s， is the pinnacle of Haydn's symphony. The audience in Britain stimulated Haydn's creativity. He was quick to understand and adapt to the tastes of the British audience. These works are larger， more orchestrated， more daring， more melodic and more rhythmic. Many themes also used folk songs， including peasant songs in Slovenia and Croatia.