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摘要 試驗研究了氮肥對柑桔產(chǎn)量及品質的影響,結果表明:氮可提高柑桔產(chǎn)量20.45%~33.73%。適宜的氮用量,并配合磷鉀肥,可兼顧柑桔產(chǎn)量和品質。在宜昌地區(qū),金水柑幼年果園適宜的氮磷鉀推薦用量為純N 0.55~0.70 kg/株、P2O5 0.20 kg/株、K2O 0.5 kg/株,N、P、K比例為1∶0.4∶0.8。
關鍵詞 柑桔;配方施肥;產(chǎn)量;品質
中圖分類號 S666.2 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739(2015)12-0077-01
Impact of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization on Oranges Output and Quality
GUO Hong-yan 1 ZHUANG Guang-quan 1 YANG Li 2 * YUAN Ying-chun 1 ZHOU Lin 3 ZHANG Jun-shou 4
LUO Yong 3 TONG Jun 5
(1 Working Station for Soil and Fertilizer of Agricultural in Dangyang City of Hubei Province,Dangyang Hubei 444100; 2 Institute of Plant Protection,Soil and Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 3 Agricultural Technology Service Center of Yuxi Town in Dangyang City; 4 Agricultural Technology Service Center of Miaoqian Town in Dangyang City; 5 Agricultural Products Quality Safety Supervision and Inspection Station of Dangyang City)
Abstract The paper studied the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on oranges′ output and quality through fertilizer experiment.The results showed that nitrogen could increase the production of citrus 20.45%~33.73%.Suitable nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium would be able to improve output and quality of orange.The recommended dosages of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the young garden of Jinshui orange were as follows:N 0.55~0.70 kg/plant,P2O5 0.20 kg/plant,K2O 0.5 kg/plant,NPK ratio was 1∶0.4∶0.8.
Key words orange;formula fertilizer;output;quality
柑桔是宜昌市重要的經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,總面積10萬hm2,占全省種植面積的50%以上,年總產(chǎn)量150萬t。宜昌屬于亞熱帶濕潤氣候,氣候溫暖濕潤,熱量豐富,年降水量1 500~2 000 mm,地勢屬于南方低山丘陵地帶,土壤比較肥沃,呈酸性,是我國適宜的柑桔產(chǎn)業(yè)帶之一[1-2]。當陽市地處江漢平原向西部丘陵山區(qū)過渡地帶,柑桔面積2萬hm2,是宜昌柑桔產(chǎn)業(yè)帶的重要組成部分。為探求柑桔合理的施肥量與氮磷鉀配比,特開展本項研究。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗地概況
試驗安排在宜昌市當陽市王店鎮(zhèn)進行,東經(jīng)111°44′51″,北緯30°41′33″。試驗區(qū)土壤為第三紀紅砂巖黃棕壤紅砂土,該土壤pH值6.2,含有機質10.9 g/kg、堿解氮83 mg/kg、有效磷24.7 mg/kg、速效鉀180 mg/kg[3]。
1.2試驗材料
參試柑桔品種為金水柑,為幼年柑桔園,供試樹勢基本一致。供試肥料是尿素(含純N 46%,華強化工集團股份有限公司生產(chǎn))、過磷酸鈣(含P2O5 12%,當陽市星光磷化有限公司生產(chǎn))、硫酸鉀(含K2O 51%,國投新疆羅布泊鉀鹽有限公司生產(chǎn))。
1.3 試驗設計
試驗設4個處理,即處理1:70%優(yōu)化施氮量(70% Nopt),處理2:100%優(yōu)化施氮量(100% Nopt),處理3:130%優(yōu)化施氮量(130% Nopt),以不施氮肥(N0)作對照(CK)。各處理磷、鉀肥按照正常優(yōu)化施肥量。3次重復,隨機區(qū)組排列,小區(qū)面積48.4 m2(12.1 m×4.0 m),每個小區(qū)柑桔樹為4株?!?br>