淺談反恐英語

摘要：恐怖活動是人類社會一大公害，嚴重威脅著人類社會的和平與安全。隨著國際安全形勢的發展變化，恐怖活動正呈現出“組織國際化、結構分散化、目的政治化、威脅多元化、手段專業化”等新的特點。如何有效防范、遏制、打擊和鏟除恐怖活動，已成為國際社會和各個國家共同面臨的緊迫課題。我們來探討一下，恐怖活動的主要方式及特點。

Terrorist activities，which severely threaten the peace and safety of our human society，are recognized as one of the greatest public hazards.With the development and change of the international security situation，terrorist activities seem to be more and more obvious day by day，followed by some emerged characteristics such as globalized organization，scattered structure，political purpose，diversified threat，fiendish action，and professional tactics.Therefore，how to prevent，restrain，strike and eradicate terrorist activities is becoming an urgent issue that the international societies and countries all over the world are faced with.Well，lets discuss the main means，features and development tendencies of terrorist actions.

關鍵詞：反恐Anti-terrorism;恐怖活動方式The Main Means of Terrorism;恐怖活動特點及發展趨勢Features and Development tendencies of Terrorist Actions

中圖分類號：D92文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1671-864X（2015）09-0086-01

當前，恐怖主義因其影響之大、波及之廣、危害之嚴重，已由一般意義上的非傳統威脅上升為“國際公害”;二反恐斗爭則因其任務之艱巨、斗爭之復雜、合作之廣泛，正成為世紀之初國際形勢中最值得關注的焦點之一。縱觀國際反恐斗爭形勢，恐怖活動主要有一下方式及特點：

Given the magnitude of its impact and resultant damage，and the scale of the affected areas，terrorism is no longer an unconventional threat in an ordinary sense.It has become an international scourge.As the fight against terrorism is so difficult and complicated and calls for extensive international cooperation，it has become a focal point of the international situation at the turn of the century.Looking back at the international counter-terrorism campaign，we find the following main means，features and development tendencies of terrorist actions：

一、恐怖活動的主要方式

Main means of terrorist actions

恐怖活動主要有以下四種表現方式：一是爆炸，這是國際恐怖主義活動采取最多的方式，據統計，從60年代至今，恐怖性爆炸約占整個恐怖事件的67%。

There are four major means：The first is to explode.It is the most common means taken by international terrorism.According to statistics，from 1960s，terrorist explosions account for 67% of whole terrorist incidents.

二是武裝襲擊。以2008年統計為例，全球共發生武裝襲擊200余起，約占整個恐怖事件的19%;

The second is the armed attack.According to statistics in 2008，more than 200 armed attacks happened in the world.

三是劫持人質。2008年，全球共發生恐怖性劫持人質事件58起，約占恐怖事件總數的6%。

The Third is the hostage-kidnapping.In 2008，58 hostage-kidnapping incidents occurred，which accounts for 6% of the total terrorist actions.

四是“費太因”式恐怖襲擊，即以小股多路、相互協同的方式，使用輕便武器向單個或多個目標同時發動武裝襲擊，直至戰死。

The fourth is the “suicide” terrorist attack，by the means of being divided into small groups，attacking from multiple directions and coordination，taking light and portable weapons to attack single or multiple targets till death.

二、恐怖活動的主要特點

Main features of terrorist actions

作為一種特定的犯罪，恐怖活動在行動、目標、手段和效應上，都具有不同于其他犯罪形式的特殊性。主要有以下四個基本特征：

As a special crime，terrorist action has its particular features that differ from others.It has the four following features.

一是明確的目的性。

恐怖主義是恐怖組織及其成員奉行的思想理論，屬于意識形態范疇?？植阑顒拥淖罱K目的不在于其所威脅、襲擊目標的本身，而是要挾政府、社會或特定對象，滿足其政治要求、社會目標或實現其主張。

Firstly，definite purposes.

Terrorism is the theory that terrorist organizations and individuals hold to/ pursue; it belongs to the ideological category.The ultimate aim is to coerce the government，society and some objects to meet their political requisition，social demands，or fulfill their proposition，but not really to threaten，attack targets.

二是手段的殘暴性。

暴力是恐怖主義的本質內涵，也是國際社會界定恐怖主義概念的共同點之一，暴力手段必然帶來殘忍后果，在恐怖分子看來，手段越殘暴，恐怖效果就越佳，越是能造成災難性損失的暴力手段，被恐怖分子采用的可能性就越大。

Secondly，cruel and ferocious means.

Violence is the innate character of terrorism.It is also the common ground of international societies definition.Its cruel and ferocious means are bound to result in ruthless consequence.In their view，the crueler the means are，the better will be consequence.The more hazardous violent means is，the more possibility they will make use of it.

三是深遠的影響性。

恐怖活動通過使用暴力、威脅或其他破壞活動制造恐慌效應，這種恐慌效應，不單是目標本身，而是讓公眾產生長時間的恐懼，進而引起社會反應，影響國家的政策。

Thirdly，deep Influence.

They make chaos by violence，menace，and other actions，this kind of chaos aims at not only target itself，but putting the mass into long time fear，and then bring about the public reactions to influence the policy of a country.

四是組織的嚴密性。

恐怖主義往往打著民族、宗教的旗號，蠱惑、麻醉、控制不明真相的群眾，從情報搜集、資金籌措、武器購置、人員培訓、目標選擇到行動實施、庇護隱匿、保障出逃等一活動，往往都有嚴密計劃、細致分工和統一的組織領導。

Fourthly，strict organization.

Holding up the flag of nation and religion，terrorists confuse and control the mass，their series of activities，such as collecting information，sheltering，hiding，escaping，etc，are strictly planned and under centralized command.

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