林姣
【摘要】文學作品是虛構的,但是往往間接反映了某些生活中的事實,作品中的藝術形象多數也是對應著生活中的原型。不同的作家表現藝術的手法也是各具特色,總體流露著作者獨特的創作魅力和藝術追求。夏洛蒂三姐妹給英國文學帶來了不同的氣息,尤其是夏洛蒂,可以說正是她的小說《簡愛》成就了當時的英國文學。《簡愛》也最佳地體現了夏洛蒂·勃朗特的文學風格——寫實和追求平等、浪漫的人生理想,富有哲理性。
【關鍵詞】簡愛 寫實主義 浪漫主義
一、《Jane Eyre》中的平等觀
藝術是生活的反應,但絕不是對生活簡單的復制,否則作品便失去了存在的價值,一部優秀了文學作品,當然不能脫離生活實際,在生活來源的基礎上更要立意高遠,為人類靈魂追逐的遠方建構一座燈塔,夏洛蒂做到了。在《Jane Eyre》中,一位平凡、瘦小的女主人公在面對愛情的時候,敢于勇敢地發出自己的聲音:
“Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton?—a machine without feelings? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!—I have as much soul as you,—and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh;—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God's feet, equal,—as we are!”
這段話不僅僅是文中女主人公的吶喊,更是作者自身豐富情感的體現,即便面對渴望的愛情,即便人的相貌有美丑之別,但是越過死亡的墳墓后,站在上帝面前的靈魂卻沒有高低貴賤之分,這種意識在當時的英國是難能可貴的。愛情是美好的,在愛情面前,我們可以高貴的渴望,但不能卑賤地祈求。
二、《Jane Eyre》中的哲學觀
夏洛蒂·勃朗特充滿人生哲理的情懷讓她的作品更加深入人心,也正是這樣的藝術手法讓其作品更上一個層次,也更符合讀者的閱讀口味,讓讀者反復思索生命存在的意義。例如,“Life is too short, can not be used vengeful build hate”,的確如此,人的一生如此短暫,怎能讓有限的記憶被仇恨占據呢!所以,不論我們出身貴賤、容貌美丑、都應懷揣對生命的熱愛和感恩。除此以外,《Jane Eyre》中的經典對白,還揭示了當不得不放棄原本最為珍惜的東西時女主人公的復雜但卻堅定的理性:
(當簡發現羅切斯特先生有個精神失常的妻子之后的與羅切斯特先生的對白)
Mr. Rochester: So come out at last. You shut yourself in your room and grieve alone. Not one word of reproach.Nothing.Is that to be my punishment? I didn't mean to wound you like this. Do you believe that?I wouldn't hurt you not for the world.What was I to do? Confess everything I might as well have lost my life.
Jane: You have lost me, Edward.And I've lost you.
Mr. Rochester: Why did you say that to me? To punish me a little longer? Jane, I've been though! For the first time I have found what I can truly love. Don't take if away from me.
Jane: I must leave you.
通過這段對白,我們不難發現,作品中Jane的平等觀和愛情觀在哲學范疇里是相互統一的,其實作品背后所展現出來的正是夏洛蒂·勃朗特的真實世界觀。
文學作品以生活為原型,但往往被作者賦予更高的價值觀念,文學的魅力也在于此,英語文學有其獨特的藝術魅力,從Charlotte Bronte的《Jane Eyre》中可見一斑。
參考文獻:
[1]許圣東.《簡愛》文學欣賞[J].青年文學家.2013(30).
[2]徐常蘭.《簡·愛》中愛情觀對現代女性的影響[J].芒種. 2013(02).