遼寧 張依依
從主位推進角度分析語篇
遼寧 張依依
主位推進模式有助于語篇的閱讀,本文從介紹主位推進模式,主位結構和述位結構,以及舉例從主位推進模式的角度對具體語篇進行分析,從中得出一定規律,對語篇的閱讀具有指導意義。
主位推進 語篇
主位推進模式最基本的發展模式分為四種:平行性發展,延續性發展,集中性發展和交叉性發展。主位推進是人類大腦的思維特征和一般規律的反映,主位與述位的分析揭示了句子連貫的規律性,對語篇的閱讀起到了至關重要的作用。
據系統功能語法理論,我們可以知道主位結構識由兩部分組成:主位和述位。主位是信息的起點,說話者要討論的話題。而述位是對主位的發展。主位結構的基本單位是小句,并且主位總是在小句之首。主位結構的取向是說話者,即主位結構是從說話者的角度來組織信息的。
當看到一個語篇的時候,我們可以按照語句出現的先后順序逐一切分主位和述位,然后再理清作者的思路。從中得知作者想說什么,他是從什么地方開始說起的,又過了一段時間,他是從什么地方又引入了新的話題,直至語篇結束,得知他關心什么問題。
我們對下面語篇進行逐一分析:
[1] The brain is our most precious organ—the one above all which allows us to be human.
[2] The brain contains 10 billion nerve cells, making thousands of billions of connections with each other. [3] It is the most powerful data processor we know, but at the same time it is incredibly delicate. [4] As soft as a ripe avocado, the brain has to be encased in the tough bones of the skull, and floats in its own waterbed of fluid. [5] An adult brain weighs over 3lb and fills the skull. [6]It receives one-fifth of the blood pumped out by the heart at each beat.
[7] The brain looks not unlike a huge walnut kernel: it is dome-shaped with a wrinkled surface, and is in two halves joined in the middle. [8] Coming out from the base of the brain like a stalk is the brain stem. [9] Parts of the brain stems control our most basic functions: breathing, heart beat, waking and sleeping.
Analysis:
Firstly, list the theme of every sentence orderly:
T1: the brain T2: the brain T3: it T4: As soft as a ripe avocado T5: An adult brain T6: it T7: the brain T8:Coming out from the base of the brain
T9: Parts of the brain stems control our most basic functions
Secondly, list the rhemes of every sentence orderly:
R1: our most precious organ
R2: 10 billion nerve cells making thousands of billions of connections with each other
R3: the most powerful data processor
R4: the brain has to be encased in the tough bones of the skull, and floats in its own waterbed of fluid
R5: weighs over 3lb and fills the skull
R6: receives one-fifth of the blood pumped out by the heart at each beat
R7: looks not unlike a huge walnut kernel
R8: the brain stem
R9: breathing, heart beat, waking and sleeping
總而言之,話語運用主位推進模式以確保語篇的連貫性,主位推進模式對語篇的閱讀與寫作都起到了至關重要的作用,它不僅能簡化語篇閱讀,而且能夠幫助我們使用不同的主位作為每個句子的主語。
[1]蘇建華(2008).從主位推進模式看語篇的銜接和連貫[J].安徽工業大學學報,第6期.
[2]王春娥(2008).主位推進與語篇連貫[J].湖州師范學院學報,第5期.
[3]楊斐(2011).主位推進與語篇連貫[J].西安外國語學院學報,第4期.
[4]張育紅(2004).主位推進與寫作的連貫性[J].國外外語教學,第2期.
張依依.性別:女.民族:漢.籍貫:遼寧錦州.出生年月:1992.01.學校:沈陽師范大學;學院:外國語學院.專業:外國語言學及應用語言學.學歷:碩士研究生在讀
(作者單位:遼寧省沈陽)