[摘要] 目的 探討嬰幼兒肺炎支原體肺炎(MPP)的臨床表現(xiàn),提高診治水平。方法 回顧分析2014年1月—2016年6月期間住院治療的327例嬰幼兒MPP的臨床表現(xiàn)、肺外表現(xiàn)、影像學(xué)改變、外周血白細(xì)胞數(shù)及C-反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、治療及預(yù)后。 結(jié)果 嬰幼兒MPP占小兒社區(qū)獲得性肺炎(CAP)的5.77%,1歲以上者多見,臨床表現(xiàn)以發(fā)熱、咳嗽為主,70.95%有喘息,53.52%有氣促,30.89%有濕啰音,59.94%有哮鳴音,11.31%伴有肺外表現(xiàn),以神經(jīng)及消化系統(tǒng)等單個肺外表現(xiàn)為主,外周血白細(xì)胞數(shù)(85.93%)及CRP(90.52%)呈正常或輕度增高,X線胸片多為單側(cè)右肺中下肺改變,并呈點(diǎn)狀或斑片狀浸潤影(31.19%)及間質(zhì)性改變(49.85%),全部患者經(jīng)間斷口服阿奇霉素3~4個療程后病情痊愈。 結(jié)論 嬰幼兒MPP臨床表現(xiàn)獨(dú)特,常伴有肺外表現(xiàn),間斷口服阿奇霉素治療安全、效果滿意。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 肺炎支原體肺炎;嬰幼兒;臨床表現(xiàn)
[中圖分類號] R722 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-0742(2016)11(c)-0095-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the infants with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment to improve. Methods A retrospective analysis of January 2014 to June 2016 the clinical manifestations of 327 cases hospitalized infants during the MPP, extrapulmonary manifestations, imaging changes, WBC count and C- reactive protein (CRP), treatment and prognosis. Results Infant MPP children accounted for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) of 5.77%, 1 year old were more common clinical manifestations were fever, cough mainly, 70.95% had wheezing, shortness of breath 53.52%, 30.89% had auscultation , 59.94% had wheezing, 11.31% with pulmonary manifestations, nerve and digestive single extrapulmonary manifestations mainly WBC (85.93%) and CRP (90.52%) were normal or slightly elevated, X-ray mostly unilateral right lung lower lung changes and spotty or patchy infiltrates (31.19%) and interstitial changes (49.85%), all patients with intermittent oral azithromycin for 3 to 4 courses after the disease cured. Conclusion Unique infant MPP clinical manifestations, often accompanied by extrapulmonary manifestations, intermittent oral azithromycin safe, satisfactory results.
[Key words] Mycoplasma pneumonia;Infant;Clinical manifestations
肺炎支原體(Mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP)是兒童社區(qū)獲得性肺炎(Community acquired pneumonia CAP)的重要病原之一,肺炎支原體肺炎(Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,MPP)在非流行年間約占小兒CAP的10%~20%,流行年份則高達(dá)30%以上。MP感染見于各個年齡組小兒,且其發(fā)病年齡有低齡化趨勢,尤其是學(xué)齡前期和學(xué)齡期兒童MPP發(fā)生率較高,但嬰幼兒MPP也占有一定的比例,應(yīng)該引起重視[1]。為探討嬰幼兒MPP的臨床特點(diǎn),對2014年1月—2016年6月期間在該院兒科住院治療的327例嬰幼兒MPP患者的病例資料,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
2014年1月—2016年6月期間在該院兒科住院治療的CAP的患者5669例,確診為MPP的患者808例(14.25%),其中嬰幼兒MPP的患者327例(5.77%)。327例嬰幼兒MPP的患者中男168例(51.38%),女159例(48.62%);1~6個月19例,6個月~1歲50例,1~2歲146例,2~3歲112例;……