立地土壤水分對(duì)脂松人工幼林生長(zhǎng)的影響1)

付嬌嬌　王慶成　張嬌　朱凱月

(東北林業(yè)大學(xué)，哈爾濱，150040)

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立地土壤水分對(duì)脂松人工幼林生長(zhǎng)的影響1)

付嬌嬌王慶成張嬌朱凱月

(東北林業(yè)大學(xué)，哈爾濱，150040)

摘要在帽兒山地區(qū)引種栽培的12年生脂松試驗(yàn)林中，設(shè)立上、中、下坡位3種常規(guī)尺度立地類型及設(shè)立凹地、凸地、伐樁附近、平緩坡地(對(duì)照)4種微立地類型，研究立地、微立地土壤水分物理性質(zhì)變化對(duì)脂松林木生長(zhǎng)的影響。結(jié)果表明：①立地、微立地對(duì)土壤水分物理性質(zhì)有顯著影響(p<0.05)，土壤含水量從大到小依次為：下坡位、中坡位、上坡位；凹地、伐樁、對(duì)照、凸地。②上坡位脂松生長(zhǎng)最好，胸徑(5.7 cm)分別比中、下坡位高11.8%(p<0.05)和29.6%(p<0.05)；樹(shù)高(4.3 m)分別比中、下坡位高3.1%(p>0.05)和14.5%(p<0.05)。③與對(duì)照相比，凸地有利于脂松生長(zhǎng)，凹地和伐樁對(duì)脂松生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生負(fù)影響。凸型微立地上，脂松胸徑、樹(shù)高略高于對(duì)照(p>0.05)；而凹型微立地上胸徑、樹(shù)高分別比對(duì)照低40.5%(p<0.05)和24.9%(p<0.05)；伐樁附近微立地上，脂松胸徑、樹(shù)高略低于對(duì)照(p>0.05)。含水量過(guò)高不利于脂松的生長(zhǎng)，脂松造林應(yīng)選擇排水良好的上、中坡位；種植點(diǎn)的配置上，應(yīng)避開(kāi)容易產(chǎn)生季節(jié)性積水的凹地。

關(guān)鍵詞脂松(Pinus resinosa Ait.)；脂松人工林；立地類型；微立地類型；土壤水分

分類號(hào)S724

Effect of Soil Moisture under Different Site/microsite Conditions on Growth of YoungPinusresinosaPlantation Stand

Fu Jiaojiao, Wang Qingcheng, Zhang Jiao, Zhu Kaiyue

(Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China)//Journal of Northeast Forestry University，2016,44(4)：34-37,40.

We set downhill, middle solpe and upperhill sites, and concave, convex, close to stump microsites and reference within middle slope site in a 12-year-old red pine plantation stand at Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm. We detected the Variation in soil moisture and physical properties between different sites and microsites. The moisture content of soil on different slope positions was in an descending order of downhill, middle slope, and upperhill. The ranking of moisture content of soil within microsites was in an descending order of concave, close to stump, reference, and convex. The greatest growth of red pine trees was with trees on the upperhill site, with DBH (5.7 cm) of 11.8% (p<0.05) and 29.6% (p<0.05) greater, and height (4.3 m) of 3.1% (p>0.05) and 14.5% (p<0.05) greater than those on middle slope and downhill sites, respectively. Compared with reference microsite, the convex microsite had greater tree growth, while concave and close to stump microsite had a negative effect. Tree DBH and height on convex microsites were slightly greater (p>0.05) than those on reference microsites, while compared with concave microsites they were significantly lower. The tree growth on close to stump microsite was also lower than that on reference microsites (p>0.05). The relatively high soil moisture content retarded the red pine growth in this area. The upperhill and the middle-slope site with good drainage are suitable site for the establishment of red pine plantation in this area. Avoiding concave microsite which would produce timely waterlogging will benefit tree growth.

KeywordsRed pine (PinusresinosaAit); Red pine plantations; Site; Microsites; Soil moisture and physical properties

微立地為小地形和表面土壤特征相同的地塊，其范疇可小至1 m2，大則超過(guò)5 m2[1]。微立地可以由自然因素形成(如，局部地形差異、土壤差異、風(fēng)倒產(chǎn)生的洼地、倒木等)，亦可由經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)(如，采伐、整地等導(dǎo)致剩余物堆積、伐樁以及整地對(duì)局部地形的影響)[2]。微立地差異，不僅包括地形和土壤性質(zhì)的不同，在其范圍內(nèi)樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)所需的光照、溫度、水分、養(yǎng)分等生態(tài)因子狀況也各異[3]。因而，在人工造林或更新時(shí)，微立地對(duì)人工林生長(zhǎng)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生重要的影響。歐美在20世紀(jì)70年代開(kāi)始了微立地對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)影響的研究，特別在工業(yè)用材林林地管理方面十分注重微立地的作用[3-6]。我國(guó)自20世紀(jì)90年代中期以來(lái)也開(kāi)展了微立地相關(guān)的研究[2-3，7]，從微立地尺度上研究林木生長(zhǎng)和立地條件的關(guān)系，為充分發(fā)揮土地和樹(shù)種的潛力，縮短人工林輪伐期奠定基礎(chǔ)[2]。以……