王福銀,杜倩,孔麗娟,程春紅,王磊
(1.黑龍江省大慶龍南醫(yī)院藥劑科,黑龍江大慶163453;2.河北醫(yī)科大學(xué),河北石家莊050017)
色胺酮抑制胸腺基質(zhì)淋巴細(xì)胞生成素促肥大細(xì)胞增殖的藥理機(jī)制*
王福銀1,杜倩1,孔麗娟1,程春紅1,王磊2
(1.黑龍江省大慶龍南醫(yī)院藥劑科,黑龍江大慶163453;2.河北醫(yī)科大學(xué),河北石家莊050017)
目的探討色胺酮抑制由胸腺基質(zhì)淋巴細(xì)胞生成素(TSLP)促肥大細(xì)胞增殖的藥理機(jī)制,為色胺酮治療肥大細(xì)胞相關(guān)過敏性皮炎提供理論依據(jù)。方法在TSLP刺激人源肥大細(xì)胞系-1(HMC-1)細(xì)胞增殖的前提下,同步采用色胺酮處理增殖的細(xì)胞,觀察對細(xì)胞增殖的影響和相關(guān)蛋白水平變化。噻唑藍(lán)(MTT)比色法檢測不同濃度色胺酮處理對細(xì)胞活力的影響;溴脫氧尿苷滲入試驗(yàn)和Ki67 mR NA水平檢測不同處理組細(xì)胞增殖情況;蛋白免疫印跡法(Western blot)檢測鼠雙微體基因2(MDM2)、P53、Caspase-3、多聚ADP-核糖聚合酶(PAR P)剪切蛋白水平變化;實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)檢測白細(xì)胞介素7受體α(IL-7R a)和TSLPR mR NA的含量。結(jié)果MTT比色法結(jié)果表明,色胺酮無細(xì)胞毒性;溴脫氧尿苷滲入試驗(yàn)和Ki67 mR NA水平的檢測均顯示色胺酮抑制TSLP刺激的肥大細(xì)胞增殖;色胺酮抑制TSLP刺激的HMC-1中MDM2蛋白表達(dá)水平,蛋白灰度分析比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;色胺酮處理后,HMC-1細(xì)胞中,P53蛋白和凋亡標(biāo)志蛋白Caspase-3、PAR P剪切蛋白水平升高,且蛋白灰度分析比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;TSLP上游調(diào)控蛋白IL-7R a和TSLPR mR NA水平在色胺酮的作用下受到抑制。結(jié)論色胺酮可抑制TSLP促肥大細(xì)胞增殖,對治療肥大細(xì)胞相關(guān)過敏性皮炎有一定的潛力。
色胺酮;胸腺基質(zhì)淋巴細(xì)胞生成素;人源肥大細(xì)胞系-1細(xì)胞;半胱天冬酶-3;多聚ADP-核糖聚合酶
過敏性皮炎是一種由免疫細(xì)胞和炎癥介質(zhì)相互作用引發(fā)的皮膚免疫系統(tǒng)紊亂[1],在免疫反應(yīng)中,細(xì)胞因子通過招募活化的免疫細(xì)胞到皮膚損傷部位,從而進(jìn)一步放大并維持紊亂狀態(tài)[2],肥大細(xì)胞是一種重要的免疫細(xì)胞,在內(nèi)臟黏膜和皮膚下微血管周圍廣泛分布。另外,其可分泌多種細(xì)胞因子,如血小板活化因子,腫瘤壞死因子等,參與免疫調(diào)節(jié)或過敏反應(yīng),并在過敏性皮炎中發(fā)揮不可或缺的作用[3-4]。胸腺基質(zhì)淋巴細(xì)胞生成素(thymic stromal lymphopoietin,TSLP)作為表皮屏障缺陷的標(biāo)志[5],經(jīng)由白細(xì)胞介素7受體α(interleukin 7receptor a chain,IL-7Ra)和TSLP受體(thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor,TSLPR)在TSLP信號通路上游形成異質(zhì)二聚體進(jìn)而發(fā)揮功能,參與過敏性皮炎的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,相關(guān)報(bào)道稱TSLP在肥大細(xì)胞的增殖過程中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用[6-8]。鼠雙微體基因2(murine double mimute 2,MDM2)是一種E3泛素連接酶,可通過泛素降解途徑降解P53蛋白,進(jìn)而抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞生長,可調(diào)控TSLP促成的肥大細(xì)胞增殖[8-9]。另外,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)MDM2在抑制細(xì)胞增殖的同時(shí)還可導(dǎo)致半胱天冬酶-3的激活,進(jìn)而剪切多聚ADP-核糖聚合酶(cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase,PARP)引發(fā)細(xì)胞凋亡[10]。
色胺酮是一種吲哚喹唑啉類生物堿,存在于多種植物中。有研究報(bào)道,色胺酮有抗炎癥、抗過敏等藥理學(xué)功能[11-13]。因此,筆者猜測色胺酮對過敏性皮炎有一定的治療作用。筆者通過對TSLP信號通路中MDM2、P53、TSLPR等進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,初步探討色胺酮在過敏性皮炎中的藥理機(jī)制,為色胺酮治療肥大細(xì)胞相關(guān)過敏性皮炎提供理論依據(jù)。
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器和試劑
1.1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器蛋白免疫印跡法(Western blot)設(shè)備電泳儀、轉(zhuǎn)膜儀、玻璃膠版等(美國Bio-rad公司),聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)儀(美國Bio-rad公司),實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR系統(tǒng)(美國ABI公司),倒置顯微鏡(日本Olympus公司),冷凍離心機(jī)、酶標(biāo)儀、NanoDrop分光光度計(jì)(美國Thermo公司)。
1.1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑色胺酮(Tryptanthrin,TR)(美國Sigma公司,純度≥98%,SML0310),二甲基亞砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)溶解稀釋色胺酮,置于-20℃冰箱冷凍保存,5-溴脫氧尿嘧啶核苷(5-Bromo-2-deoxy Uridine,BrdU)(美國Sigma公司),重組TSLP(美國RD Systems公司),胎牛血清、伊思考夫改良杜爾貝可細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基(iscove's modified dulbecco's medium,IMDM)(美國Gibco公司),BrdU、MDM2、P53、PARP、半胱天冬酶-3、β-actin抗體(美國Santa公司),人源肥大細(xì)胞系-1(human mast cell line,HMC-1)細(xì)胞來自美國菌種保藏中心細(xì)胞庫。
1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)含10%胎牛血清的IMDM(加青霉素和鏈霉素)培養(yǎng)HMC-1細(xì)胞,置于孵箱37℃、5%二氧化碳CO2,平均2~3 d傳代1次,取對數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.2.2細(xì)胞處理和分組色胺酮由DMSO稀釋于-20℃冰箱冷凍備用,TSLP蛋白經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)染試劑處理進(jìn)入肥大細(xì)胞。實(shí)驗(yàn)細(xì)胞主要分為3組:空白對照組為DMSO空白和空載質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染;TSLP刺激組為轉(zhuǎn)染重組TSLP蛋白處理;色胺酮處理組為TSLP刺激合并轉(zhuǎn)染重組TSLP蛋白后,加入不同濃度色胺酮處理。
1.2.3溴脫氧尿苷滲入試驗(yàn)采用臺盼藍(lán)細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)方法,各處理組細(xì)胞1×104個(gè),設(shè)置3次重復(fù),加入Brdu作用3 h,磷酸緩沖鹽溶液沖洗1次,經(jīng)固定、解鏈、封閉后,一抗4℃孵育過夜,二抗孵育1 h。通過免疫比色法比較各組細(xì)胞增殖情況。
1.2.4噻唑藍(lán)[3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide,MTT]比色法MTT比色法檢測細(xì)胞活力,計(jì)數(shù)生長對數(shù)期的肥大細(xì)胞約1×105個(gè)/L,傳入96孔板,分為空白處理組、0.1、1.0和10.0μmol共4組,每組8個(gè)復(fù)孔,并與MTT溶液(5mg/ml)37℃孵育4h。終止培養(yǎng)后,每孔加入200μl DMSO,溶解甲瓚結(jié)晶。酶標(biāo)儀檢測各孔在540nm處的吸光度值。
1.2.5Western blot檢測收集各處理組的肥大細(xì)胞,RIPA裂解液4℃裂解30min,最大轉(zhuǎn)速離心5min,收集蛋白,并進(jìn)行蛋白定量。5×loading加入蛋白液中95℃煮10min,視定量結(jié)果加入樣品,經(jīng)10%分離膠分離90min,100V恒壓轉(zhuǎn)膜100 min。5%的脫脂牛奶封閉1h,4℃過夜孵育蛋白一抗。第2天,TBST溶液洗膜3遍,5min/次,室溫孵育二抗1h,洗膜3遍,7 min/次;加入A、B發(fā)光液后,暗室操作曝光。隨機(jī)選取曝光蛋白條帶3處位置進(jìn)行蛋白灰度分析,進(jìn)行各處理組蛋白水平比較。
1.2.6實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR反應(yīng)采用Trizol抽提RNA的方法進(jìn)行總RNA的提取,RNA提取在通風(fēng)廚中進(jìn)行。各處理組細(xì)胞經(jīng)1ml Trizol處理后,將裂解物吸置于離心管中,加入200μl氯仿,顛倒震蕩數(shù)10下。4℃、12 000 r/min離心10 min,緩慢吸出400μl上清液放置于新的離心管中。加入等體積的異丙醇充分混合后,4℃、最大轉(zhuǎn)速離心10min。棄上清,加入75%乙醇1ml,洗滌沉淀,4℃、12 000 r/min離心5 min。棄上清液,吸凈酒精,并在通風(fēng)廚中放置,待殘留的酒精液體完全揮發(fā)后,視沉淀加適量的無RNA酶H2O,70℃煮10 min。測定RNA濃度,取2μg RNA進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)錄PCR反應(yīng)。各處理組設(shè)置3重復(fù),采用2-△△CT方法對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,GAPDH為內(nèi)參蛋白。見表1。

表1 實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR反應(yīng)引物序列
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料均采用數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,組間的比較用單因素方差分析,兩兩比較用LSD-t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1色胺酮對HMC-1肥大細(xì)胞活力和增殖的影響
MTT比色法結(jié)果顯示,0.1、1.0和10.0μmol的色胺酮分別處理HMC-1細(xì)胞后,各組OD值比較,經(jīng)單因素方差分析,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=0.785,P= 0.512),細(xì)胞活力未受到影響。見表2。
表2 色胺酮對細(xì)胞活力的影響(μmol±s)

表2 色胺酮對細(xì)胞活力的影響(μmol±s)
色胺酮濃度0.00.11.010.0F值P值OD值0.444±0.0090.455±0.0210.453±0.0210.446±0.0120.7850.512
溴脫氧尿苷實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,TSLP刺激組與空白對照組滲入BrdU的細(xì)胞含量比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=8.557,P=0.001),TSLP刺激組比空白對照組含量高;10.0μmol色胺酮單獨(dú)處理后,色胺酮刺激組和對照組比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);在TSLP刺激后,并于1.0和10.0μmol色胺酮處理組中,色胺酮處理組和TSLP刺激組滲入BrdU的細(xì)胞含量比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=6.532和9.910,P=0.003和0.001),0.1μmol色胺酮處理后,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),1.0和10.0μmol色胺酮處理組中滲入BrdU的細(xì)胞含量高于TSLP刺激組。見圖1A。
Ki-67mRNA檢測結(jié)果顯示,TSLP刺激組與空白對照組比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),相對Ki-67mRNA水平,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=68.663,P=0.000),TSLP刺激組水平高于空白對照組;經(jīng)0.1、1.0和10.0μmol色胺酮再次處理后,各組與TSLP刺激組相對Ki-67 mRNA水平比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[t= 9.390、18.164和42.819,P=0.001、0.000和0.000],經(jīng)色胺酮處理后,細(xì)胞中相對Ki-67 mRNA水平升高。見圖1B~D。
2.2色胺酮抑制HMC-1細(xì)胞中MDM2和P53蛋白水平的表達(dá)
Western blot結(jié)果表明,在TSLP刺激后,HMC-1細(xì)胞中MDM2和P53蛋白水平升高,經(jīng)0.1、1.0和10.0μmol色胺酮處理后,MDM2蛋白水平降低,P53蛋白水平升高,且濃度越高,變化越大。蛋白灰度結(jié)果顯示,TSLP刺激組與空白對照組MDM2和P53蛋白水平比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=36.947和55.118,P=0.000),TSLP刺激后MDM2和P53蛋白水平降低;經(jīng)0.1、1.0和10.0μmol色胺酮處理后,與TSLP刺激組比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(MDM2蛋白:t=52.693、57.034和57.808,P=0.000;P53蛋白:t=42.866、9.550和16.977,P=0.000、0.001和0.000),MDM2蛋白水平受到抑制,P53蛋白水平升高。見圖2。

圖1 色胺酮對HMC-1肥大細(xì)胞增殖的影響

圖2 色胺酮抑制HMC-1細(xì)胞中MDM2和P53蛋白水平的表達(dá)
2.3HMC-1細(xì)胞中凋亡標(biāo)志蛋白半胱天冬酶-3和PARP剪切蛋白在色胺酮的作用下的表達(dá)
Western blot結(jié)果表明,半胱天冬酶-3和PARP剪切蛋白水平在TSLP的刺激后降低,經(jīng)0.1、1.0和10.0μmol色胺酮處理后,蛋白水平回升。蛋白灰度分析顯示,與空白對照組半胱天冬酶-3和PARP剪切蛋白水平比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t= 8.033和27.587,P=0.001和0.000),半胱天冬酶-3和PARP剪切蛋白在TSLP刺激后水平降低;經(jīng)0.1、1.0和10.0μmol色胺酮處理后,與TSLP刺激組半胱天冬酶-3和PARP剪切蛋白水平比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(半胱天冬酶-3:t=8.379、9.273和18.864,P=0.001、0.001和0.000;PARP剪切蛋白:t= 13.629、31.576和21.330,P=0.000),半胱天冬酶-3和PARP剪切蛋白水平升高。見圖3。
2.4色胺酮降低TSLP上游信號通路中IL-7Rα和TSLPR mRNA水平
實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR結(jié)果顯示,TSLP刺激組與空白對照組mRNA水平比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=6.307和9.874,P=0.003和0.001),TSLP上游信號蛋白IL-7Rα和TSLPR mRNA水平在TSLP刺激后均升高;經(jīng)0.1、1.0和10.0μmol色胺酮處理后,色胺酮處理組與TSLP刺激組mRNA水平比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(IL-7Rα:t=3.141、6.563和5.529,P=0.035、0.003和0.005;TSLPR mRNA:t= 2.948、8.017和7.626,P=0.042、0.001和0.002),兩者mRNA水平均降低。見圖4。

圖3 HMC-1細(xì)胞中凋亡標(biāo)志蛋白半胱天冬酶-3和PARP剪切蛋白在色胺酮的作用下表達(dá)升高

圖4 色胺酮降低TSLP上游信號通路中IL-7Rα和TSLPR蛋白mRNA水平
肥大細(xì)胞與過敏性皮炎密切相關(guān),在皮膚損傷部位,肥大細(xì)胞不斷聚集,最終導(dǎo)致皮膚炎癥[14-16];有報(bào)道稱TSLP在過敏性皮炎患者皮膚損傷部位高度表達(dá)[17],近年來,更有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TSLP可調(diào)控肥大細(xì)胞增殖,加劇肥大細(xì)胞調(diào)節(jié)的疾病,如過敏性皮炎[8]。色胺酮具有潛在的抗過敏藥效,因此,筆者對色胺酮在TSLP促肥大細(xì)胞增殖進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮的藥理機(jī)制進(jìn)行探索,以期為色胺酮治療過敏性皮炎提供理論依據(jù)。本研究結(jié)果證實(shí),色胺酮可抑制TSLP促HMC-1肥大細(xì)胞的增殖,初步結(jié)果表明,色胺酮可通過抑制MDM2蛋白表達(dá),提高P53蛋白水平,進(jìn)而引起凋亡標(biāo)志蛋白半胱天冬酶-3和PARP剪切蛋白水平升高,激活細(xì)胞凋亡;另外,通過對TSLP上游信號通路的檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),IL-7Rα和TSLPR mRNA水平在色胺酮的作用下降低。
BrdU是一種胸腺嘧啶的衍生物,在DNA合成S期,可代替胸腺嘧啶參與DNA新鏈合成,并穩(wěn)定存在細(xì)胞核內(nèi),供于檢測。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),色胺酮抑制BrdU嵌入TSLP刺激的肥大細(xì)胞。研究報(bào)道,Ki-67mRNA水平的檢測可作為細(xì)胞增殖活性的一個(gè)標(biāo)志[18],而筆者對Ki-67水平的檢測同樣證實(shí)色胺酮可抑制TSLP促肥大細(xì)胞增殖。
MDM2參與P53蛋白的降解,并在P53蛋白穩(wěn)態(tài)中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用[19]。相關(guān)研究結(jié)果證實(shí),MDM2和P53通路調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡[20]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,色胺酮抑制MDM2、P53蛋白水平升高,表明色胺酮在MDM2和P53通路中發(fā)揮作用。
半胱天冬酶在調(diào)控細(xì)胞凋亡進(jìn)展中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用[21],在細(xì)胞凋亡發(fā)生時(shí),半胱天冬酶-3將113 kD的PARP蛋白分別剪切至89和24 kD片段大小[22],另外,半胱天冬酶-3和PARP剪切蛋白也被報(bào)道參與過敏反應(yīng)[23-24];近年來,色胺酮被報(bào)道在白血病細(xì)胞中發(fā)揮抑制細(xì)胞增殖并引發(fā)細(xì)胞凋亡的作用[25]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過對半胱天冬酶-3和PARP剪切蛋白的表達(dá)水平檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),在HMC-1肥大細(xì)胞中,色胺酮處理后兩者蛋白水平升高,提示色胺酮可加速在肥大細(xì)胞中的凋亡進(jìn)展。
IL-7Rα和TSLPR在TSLP上游信號通路形成異質(zhì)二聚體復(fù)合物,促使TSLP發(fā)揮作用[6],為進(jìn)一步探索色胺酮在肥大細(xì)胞中的藥理機(jī)制,筆者檢測兩者mRNA水平表達(dá),實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR結(jié)果顯示,mRNA水平降低,提示色胺酮可抑制兩者在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平上的表達(dá)。
值得注意的是,實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中0.1μmol色胺酮處理組與TSLP刺激組TSLPR mRNA水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。其原因可能為:①實(shí)驗(yàn)操作誤差;②低濃度色胺酮藥力低效,提示在臨床上對色胺酮的使用濃度需謹(jǐn)慎。
綜上所述,本研究結(jié)果顯示,在TSLP刺激的HMC-1肥大細(xì)胞中,色胺酮可抑制促細(xì)胞增殖作用,可能的機(jī)制是色胺酮通過調(diào)控MDM2和P53蛋白水平的表達(dá),激活凋亡信號,加速細(xì)胞凋亡過程,抑制TSLP發(fā)揮的促進(jìn)作用。另外,色胺酮也可抑制TSLP上游通路中IL-7Rα和TSLPR mRNA水平的表達(dá)。
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(張蕾編輯)
Pharmacological mechanism of tryptanthrin inhibition of mast cell proliferation promoted by thymic stromal lymphopoietin*
Fu-yin Wang1,Qian Du1,Li-juan Kong1,Chun-hong Cheng1,Lei Wang2
(1.Department of Pharmacy,Longnan Hospital,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163453,China;2.Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050017,China)
Objective To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of tryptanthrin(TR)in suppressing mast cell proliferation promoted by thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP),so as to provide academic evidence for mast cell induced allergic dermatitis(AD)therapy through TR.Methods After HMC-1 cells were stimulated by TSLP,cell proliferation was observed with another treatment of TR,and the relative protein levels were detected as well.The cells were divided into four groups:blank control,TSLP stimulating,TR treating and TSLP combined with TR groups.Cell viability was tested by MTT assay with various concentrations of TR.Cell proliferation effect was verified through BrdU assay and Ki67 mRNA level detection.MDM2,p53,cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)protein levels were measured by Western blot.IL-7Ra and TSLPR mRNA levels were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.Results MTT assay showed TR had no cytotoxicity.BrdU and Ki67 assay indicated that TR evidently suppressed mast cell proliferation promoted by TSLP.After TR treatment,MDM2 protein level decreased in HMC-1 cells and the difference had statistical significance;on the contrary,p53,cleaved caspase and cleaved PARP protein levels significantly elevated.The upstream regulatory protein IL-7Ra and TSLPR mRNA levels were inhibited obviously with TR treatment.Conclusions TR could suppress mast cell proliferation promoted by TSLP,and exhibits certain potential in AD therapy.
tryptanthrin;thymic stromal lymphopoietin;human mast cell line-1 cell;caspase-3;cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase
R 965
A
10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2016.18.003
1005-8982(2016)18-0011-07
2016-04-13
國家自然青年科學(xué)基金(No:81202401)