夏芬,胡燕玲,李莉
(華中科技大學同濟醫學院附屬武漢中心醫院,武漢430014)
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卵巢癌組織細胞黏附分子1的表達變化及意義
夏芬,胡燕玲,李莉
(華中科技大學同濟醫學院附屬武漢中心醫院,武漢430014)
目的探討細胞黏附分子1(CADM1)在卵巢癌組織中的表達變化及其臨床意義。方法 收集卵巢癌患者59例,取其癌組織及癌旁正常組織,采用qRT-PCR、Western blotting和免疫組化法分別檢測CADM1 mRNA和蛋白在卵巢癌及對應癌旁正常組織中的表達。χ2檢驗及Kaplan-Meier生存曲線分析CADM1的表達水平與卵巢癌患者臨床病理參數、預后的相關性。結果卵巢癌組織中CADM1 mRNA和蛋白表達水平分別為0.28±0.12、1.32±0.23,癌旁正常組織分別為1.52±0.14、2.93±0.42,癌組織與癌旁正常組織比較,P均<0.05。癌旁正常組織中CADM1陽性細胞百分比(90%±5%)顯著高于癌組織(10%±2%)(P<0.05)。CADM1表達水平與卵巢癌患者FIGO分期、遠處轉移及淋巴結轉移顯著相關(P均<0.05)。CADM1低表達(mRNA表達量<0.57)患者中位生存期顯著低于CADM1高表達患者(13.2比24.5個月,P<0.05)。結論 卵巢癌組織中CADM1呈低表達狀態,低水平的CADM1促進卵巢癌的發生發展,且與其不良預后相關。
卵巢腫瘤;細胞黏附分子1;臨床病理參數;預后
卵巢癌是全世界最常見的女性惡性腫瘤[1]。其在確診時大多已到腫瘤晚期,盡管近年來針對卵巢癌研究鑒定出一些用于早期診斷的標志物,但臨床上可用于卵巢癌篩查的只有CA125,其特異性和靈敏度均較低[2,3]。細胞黏附分子1(CADM1)屬于免疫球蛋白超家族黏附分子,其功能涉及細胞之間的相互作用,在肺腺癌中具有腫瘤抑制作用[4]。近年來研究發現,CADM1在多種腫瘤如結腸癌[5]、非小細胞肺癌[6]、乳腺癌[7]及食管鱗癌[8]中低表達,并且與腫瘤患者惡性病理參數和不良預后顯著相關。但CADM1在卵巢癌中的表達變化及臨床意義尚不清楚,本研究進行了相關探討?,F報告如下。
1.1臨床資料收集2008年1月~2012年12月于本院行手術治療的卵巢癌患者49例,均經病理檢查確診,年齡(51.2±3.9)歲。入選標準:手術前未接受過放化療,并具有完整病理資料和隨訪資料的卵巢癌患者。其卵巢癌組織及對應癌旁正常組織標本經手術切除后迅速分塊取材,置于液氮凍存或4%多聚甲醛固定并石蠟包埋保存備用。
1.2組織CADM1 mRNA測定采用RT-PCR法。按TRIzol試劑說明書RNA提取步驟提取凍存組織中總RNA,取1 μg總RNA反轉錄成cDNA。CADM1引物序列:上游引物:5′-GAATCCCAACAGGCAGACC-3′,下游引物:5′-TTTGCCAGCTCTATACCGATC-3′;GAPDH上游引物:5′-TCATACTCCTGCTTGCTGAT-3′,下游引物:5′-GGGACCTGACTGACTACCTC-3′。按qRT-PCR說明書要求配制反應體系進行PCR擴增反應。以GAPDH基因為內參,采用2-ΔΔCt法計算CADM1基因在組織中相對表達量。計算所有卵巢癌組織中CADM1表達量的平均值,將樣本分為高表達組(ADM1 mRNA>0.57)和低表達組(ADM1 mRNA<0.57)。
1.3組織CADM1蛋白的測定采用Western blotting法。采用RIPA裂解液提取組織樣本總蛋白本并進行濃度測定,取相同質量的蛋白樣品進行聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳,濃縮膠80 V電泳40 min,分離膠120 V電泳2 h后轉印至NC膜,用5% BSA室溫封閉1~2 h,4 ℃孵育一抗(CADM1,1∶600;GAPDH,1∶1 000)過夜,0.5% TBST洗膜3遍,加入辣根過氧化物酶標記的二抗(1∶1 000)室溫孵育1 h,0.5% TBST洗膜3遍后用ECL化學發光法檢測結果,凝膠成像系統顯影。用Quantity One分析軟件對Western blotting條帶進行定量。以目的蛋白測定值與GAPDH的比值作為目標蛋白的相對表達量。
1.4組織CADM1陽性細胞率的測算采用免疫組化法。組織標本制作4 μm厚度石蠟切片,具體步驟包括脫蠟、水化、抗原修復、內源性過氧化物酶阻斷以及血清封閉后,CADM1一抗單克隆抗體(1∶600)4 ℃孵育過夜。PBS洗滌3遍后,加入生物素標記的二抗(1∶1 000),37 ℃孵育1 h,DAB顯色,顯微鏡下觀察到棕色即停止顯色,經蘇木素復染,鹽酸乙醇分化、脫水、透明、中性樹膠封片。于光學顯微鏡下進行觀察并采集圖像。高倍視野下計數陽性細胞數和細胞總數,分別選取6個視野,陽性細胞率=陽性細胞/總細胞數×100%,計算平均值。

2.1不同組織CADM1的表達卵巢癌組織中CADM1 mRNA表達水平(0.28±0.12)較癌旁正常組織(1.52±0.14)降低(P<0.05)。卵巢癌組織中CADM1蛋白相對表達量(1.32±0.23)低于對應癌旁正常組織(2.93±0.42)(P<0.05)。卵巢癌組織中CADM1染色強度低于對應癌旁正常組織,并且CADM1主要表達于細胞膜和細胞質,癌組織中CADM1陽性細胞率(10%±2%)低于癌組織中陽性細胞率(90%±5%)(P<0.05)。
2.2卵巢癌組織CADM1表達水平與患者臨床病理參數的關系見表1。

表1 卵巢癌組織CADM1的表達與臨床病理參數的關系(例)
2.3卵巢癌組織CADM1表達水平與預后的關系Log-rank檢驗結果表明,CADM1低表達組中位生存期(13.2個月)顯著低于CADM1高表達組(24.5個月)(P<0.05)。見圖1。

圖1 CADM1高表達組與低表達組的生存曲線
腫瘤轉移是腫瘤細胞脫離原發部位播散到遠處器官形成轉移灶的過程,是腫瘤致死性的重要原因,卵巢癌轉移與患者不良預后密切相關。
以前的研究發現CADM1在多種腫瘤中缺失或低表達[9]。在本研究中,筆者通過qRT-PCR、Western blotting以及免疫組化染色等方法,從轉錄水平和蛋白水平上均證實CADM1在卵巢癌組織中呈低表達,并且發現CADM1主要表達于細胞膜和細胞質。這與之前報道CADM1在其他腫瘤中的表達狀態一致。CADM1的表達水平與卵巢癌患者的臨床分期、淋巴結轉移以及遠處轉移等惡性病理特征顯著相關,并且低表達CADM1組總生存時間顯著短于CADM1高表達組。以上結果與在其他腫瘤中的報道一致,如食管癌、皮膚癌、喉癌、乳腺癌、結腸癌等[5, 10~12]。提示CADM1在卵巢癌的惡性進展中發揮重要作用。
CADM1的具體功能及其機制在以前的研究中已有報道。在正常的內皮祖細胞中,通過TNFα- NF-κB信號通路上調CADM1的表達促進內皮祖細胞遷移;而在腫瘤中卻發揮相反的功能,例如CADM1能夠抑制食管癌細胞Eca109從G1期向S期轉化誘導凋亡發生,抑制腫瘤細胞增殖從而抑制腫瘤在小鼠體內生長[13]。在Faraji等[14]的研究中發現,CADM1影響腫瘤的轉移并不是通過影響腫瘤細胞的增殖或侵襲等特性,而是一種依賴宿主的適應性免疫方式,CADM1發揮腫瘤轉移抑制功能是通過促使腫瘤細胞對于免疫監控機制更敏感來實現。目前普遍認為上皮間質轉化(EMT)是導致腫瘤轉移的重要原因。CADM1作為細胞的黏附分子,筆者推測其表達缺失或降低可能會影響腫瘤細胞的EMT轉化,但CADM1影響卵巢癌細胞的遷移侵襲能力是否是通過調控EMT轉化仍有待進一步研究。
綜上所述,CADM1在卵巢癌組織呈低表達狀態,并且其表達水平與患者惡性臨床病理參數和生存預后顯著相關,CADM1的表達量降低可能在卵巢癌的惡性進展中發揮重要作用。
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Expression of CADM1 and its clinical significance in human ovarian carcinoma
XIAFen,HUYanling,LILi
(WuhanCentralHospitalAffiliatedtoHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Wuhan430014,China)
Objective To investigate the expression changes of cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) in human ovarian carcinoma and its clinical significance. Methods A total of 59 case of ovarian carcinoma tissues and matched tumor-adjacent tissues were collected. The mRNA and protein expression of CADM1 in the ovarian carcinoma tissues and matched tumor-adjacent tissues was examined by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between CADM1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics or overall survival. Results The expression of CADM1 mRNA and protein in the ovarian carcinoma tissues was 0.28±0.12 and 1.32±0.23, respectively, 1.52±0.14 and 2.93±0.42 in the matched tumor-adjacent tissues, and significant difference was found between these two kinds of tissues (all P<0.05). The percentage of positive cells in the adjacent tumor tissues (90%±5%) was significantly higher than that of the cancer tissues (10%±2%),P<0.05. The expression of CADM1 was significantly associated with the FIGO stage, nodal metastasis and distant metastasis (allP<0.05). The median survival time of patients with low expression of CADM1 (mRNA expression <0.57) was higher than that of patients with high expression (13.2 vs. 24.5 months,P<0.05). ConclusionCADM1 is low expressed in the human ovarian cancer tissues. The low expression of CADM1 promotes the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer, and is related to its poor prognosis.
ovarian carcinoma; cell adhesion molecule-1; clinicopathological parameter; prognosis
夏芬(1976-),主治醫師,主要研究方向為婦產科疾病的基礎與臨床。E-mail:wyflw166@163.com
簡介:李莉(1979-),主治醫師,主要研究方向為婦產科疾病的基礎與臨床。E-mail:liliwuhan8887@sina.com
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.29.005
R737.14
A
1002-266X(2016)29-0014-03
2016-05-09)