孕婦感染梅毒、沙眼衣原體和艾滋病的臨床調查分析

謝強+袁輝

【摘要】目的：對孕婦梅毒、沙眼衣原體、艾滋病的感染情況進行調查，以了解孕婦感染性傳播疾病的情況，為性傳播疾病的防治提供可靠資料。方法：將孕期來我院產科門診檢查的2200位孕婦列入研究中，所有孕婦取宮頸分泌物進行沙眼衣原體篩查，抽血檢測血清中梅毒螺旋體抗體以及HIV抗體。結果：篩查結果中孕婦沙眼衣原體感染率為4.0%，梅毒感染率為0.36%，僅有一例孕婦感染艾滋病，感染率為0.05%；梅毒與艾滋病檢查結果顯示，20歲以下孕婦的感染率明顯高于其他年齡段（P<0.05），5月份與10月份感染率明顯高于其他月份（P<0.05）。結論：孕婦感染的性傳播疾病中沙眼衣原體發病率高，尤其是20歲以下的孕婦，且以春、秋季節感染率高，淋病的發病率也較高，而艾滋病的檢出率很低，因此臨床上應加強性傳播疾病的篩查，及時診斷并采取有效措施避免疾病傳染給嬰兒。

【關鍵詞】梅毒；沙眼衣原體；艾滋病；臨床調查

Investigation among pregnant women infected with syphilis， chlamydia trachomatis and HIV/AIDSXIE Qiang1， YUAN Hui2. 1.Department of Clinical Laboratory， Zaoyang City First Peoples Hospital， Xiangyang 441200， Hubei， China； 2. Department of Gynecology， Xiangyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital， Xiangyang 441000， Hubei， China

【Abstract】Objectives： To investigate pregnant women infected with syphilis， chlamydia trachomatis and HIV， in order to understand the situation of sexually transmitted diseases among pregnant women and provide reliable data for the study of sexually transmitted diseases. Methods： 2200 pregnant women visited our hospital for maternity clinic examinations were included in the study. All underwent cervical secretions trachoma chlamydia screening and blood detection of treponema pallidum antibody in serum and HIV antibodies. Results： The infection rate of chlamydia trachomatis and syphilis was 4.0% and 0.36% respectively. There was only one pregnant woman infected with HIV， an infection rate of 0.05%. According to the syphilis and HIV test， the infection rate among pregnant women under the age of 20 was significantly higher than other age groups （P<0.05）； the infection rate was significantly higher in May and October than other months （P<0.05）. Conclusion： Among the pregnant women infected with sexually transmitted diseases， the incidence of chlamydia trachomatis is very high， especially pregnant women under the age of 20， and in spring and autumn season， followed by the incidence of gonorrhea， while the detection rate of AIDS is very low. Therefore， the screening of sexually transmitted diseases should be strengthened in clinical for timely diagnosis， in order to take effective measures to prevent disease transmission from mother to baby.

【Key words】Syphilis； Chlamydia trachomatis； HIV/AIDS； Clinical investigation

【中圖分類號】R759.1【文獻標志碼】A

孕婦由于機體內環境的變化，其免疫功能降低，對病原體的抵抗力減弱，較未懷孕時更容易患各種感染性疾病。正常人體感染性傳播疾病后出現相應臨床癥狀，處理不及時將影響機體正常功能、出現并發癥，甚至導致死亡[1]。妊娠期婦女無論是先受感染后懷孕還是先懷孕后被感染，有些病原體會經胎盤進入胎兒體內感染胎兒，對胎兒的正常發育造成影響，引起妊娠期間胎膜早破、流產、早產等異常妊娠情況，并可能出現胎兒宮內死亡、新生兒出生缺陷等后果，危害母兒健康[2]。因此，為了減少經母嬰傳播途徑引起人體感染性傳播疾病，并達到國家優生優育的目標，必須加大對孕婦性傳播疾病的篩查力度，以利于進一步準確地診斷和治療性傳播疾病[3]。本文匯總了我院產科門診孕期檢查中梅毒、沙眼衣原體、艾滋病的篩查結果，并以統計學方法對結果做一分析，更深入地了解三種性傳播疾病在孕婦中的感染情況，為性傳播疾病的的早期預防和制定有效措施提供可靠依據。……