銅陵市成年女性生殖健康狀況調查

袁祥靜+蘇嬌+程元禎

【摘要】目的：了解我市成年女性生殖系統相關疾病的發病情況。方法：2015年4月至8月采用整群抽樣的方法選擇在銅陵市銅官山區、獅子山區和郊區1853例自愿參加該研究的成年女性為研究對象，采用自行設計的調查問卷對研究對象一般資料進行調查，行婦科常規檢查、白帶常規、TCT及盆腔B超檢查。結果：（1）本次調查我市三區共1853例成年女性，年齡19～66歲，平均年齡（46.8±6.8）歲；初潮年齡8～17歲，平均（12.9±1.59）歲；產次1～4次，平均（1.39±0.78）次；人工流產0～5次，平均（2.31±1.06）次。（2）1032例育齡期女性的避孕方式分別為：工具106例，占10.3%；宮內節育器494例，占47.9%；絕育術189例，占18.3%；避孕藥163例，占15.8%；安全期47例，占4.6%；未避孕33例，占3.2%。（3）外陰疾病、陰道炎、宮頸炎、盆腔炎及子宮肌瘤的檢出率分別為2.6%、7.3%、28.4%、2.1%及21.5%。（4）≤35 歲組和36～45歲組婦女宮頸炎、陰道炎、盆腔炎檢出率高于>45歲組，差異有統計學意義（P<0.05）；農民和工人宮頸炎、陰道炎、盆腔炎檢出率高于其他職業女性，差異有統計學意義（P<0.05）；知識分子和行政工作者子宮肌瘤發病率高于其他職業女性，差異有統計學意義（P<0.05）。結論：銅陵市成年女性生殖道感染率和子宮肌瘤發病率較高；育齡期女性采用避孕方式主要為宮內節育器、絕育術及避孕藥；應針對不同年齡和職業群體采用有針對性地采取干預措施。

【關鍵詞】銅陵市；成年女性；生殖健康狀況

Reproductive health status of adult female in TonglingYUAN Xiangjing， SU Jiao， CHENG Yuanzhen. Department of Women Health Care， Tongling Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital， Tongling 244000， Anhui， China

【Abstract】Objectives： To investigate the morbidity of gynecological diseases in our city. Methods： 1853 adult female volunteered for the study from Tongguanshan district， Shizishan district and outskirts in Tongling City were selected as research objects by cluster sampling. The general information of research objects were investigated by self-designed questionnaire. The research objects were checked by routine gynecological check-up， leucorrhea routine examination， TCT and B ultrasound examination of pelvic cavity. Results： ⑴ 1853 case of adult female in three districts of our city were investigated in this research. The ages were between 19-66， an average age of 46.8±6.8. The ages of menophania were 8-17， an average age of 12.9±1.59. The time parity were 1-4， an average time of 1.39±0.78. The time of induced abortion were 0-5， an average time of 2.31±1.06. ⑵ The contraception methods of 1032 case of bearing-age women respectively were as follow： contraceptive device （106 cases， 10.3%）， intrauterine device （494 cases， 47.9%）， sterilization （189 cases， 18.3%）， contraceptive （163 cases， 15.8%）， safe period （47 cases， 4.6%） and no contraception （33 cases， 3.2%）. ⑶ The detection rate of vulvar diseases， colpitis， cervicitis， pelvic infection and fibroid was 2.6%， 7.3%， 28.4%， 2.1% and 21.5% respectively. ⑷ The detection rate of cervicitis， colpitis， pelvic infection in age under 35 years old group and age between 36 to 45 years old group were higher than older than 45 years old group， with statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. The morbidities of cervicitis， colpitis， pelvic infection in peasant and worker were higher than other professional women， with statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. The detection rate of fibroid in intellectual and administrators were higher than other professional women， with statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. Conclusion： The morbidities of reproductive tract infections and fibroid in adult female are higher. The contraception methods of bearing-age women mainly include intrauterine device， sterilization and contraceptive， so specific intervening measures should be used for female of different ages and careers.endprint

【Key words】Tongling； Adult female； Reproductive health status

【中圖分類號】R169.42【文獻標志碼】A

生殖健康（reproductive health）1994年被正式列為世界衛生組織《行動綱要》，1995年WHO再次強調生殖健康的重要性，并提出“2015年人人享有生殖健康”的奮斗目標，并被列入聯合國“新千年發展計劃”。但由于經濟發展不平衡以及醫療資源配置不公平，導致生殖健康公平性問題日益顯著。女性的生殖健康直接關系到家庭幸福和人口素質。然而由于生理與社會的原因，女性在生殖健康方面面臨的健康挑戰較男性更大、更嚴峻。據調查統計，80%的成年女性一生中要患上1～2次婦科炎癥，其中陰道炎、宮頸炎等都是常見、多發的婦科疾病。而子宮肌瘤亦是女性生殖器的多發性良性腫瘤，30～50歲發病率較高，在性成熟期高達20%～40%，并且近年來有增高的趨勢[1]。為……