高麗
中圖分類號(hào):G623.24 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1002-7661(2017)04-0067-02
寫作是人們交流與溝通的重要手段之一。寫作能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性地使用語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行思維和表達(dá)情感的能力。但不少學(xué)生英語(yǔ)寫作存在畏懼心理,尤其是學(xué)習(xí)能力不強(qiáng)的學(xué)生。他們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)心里有話卻表達(dá)不出來(lái),對(duì)于學(xué)過的單詞、句型也不會(huì)綜合運(yùn)用。要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫作能力,提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)段寫作能力是關(guān)鍵。我結(jié)合自身教學(xué)實(shí)踐,對(duì)提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)段寫作能力進(jìn)行了探索。
有些學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)時(shí)間較短,詞匯量不豐富,語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匱乏,容易受到母語(yǔ)思維的影響,難以寫出成形的文章。因此,要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫作能力,提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)段寫作能力是關(guān)鍵。而提高學(xué)生的簡(jiǎn)短語(yǔ)段寫作能力,可以用“三步訓(xùn)練法”進(jìn)行實(shí)踐。
第一步:說(shuō)“說(shuō)一句話”訓(xùn)練
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)段寫作訓(xùn)練應(yīng)起始于口頭作文,即說(shuō)話訓(xùn)練,而最根本的還是以寫話為目的的“說(shuō)一句話”訓(xùn)練。
我先告訴學(xué)生:我們?cè)诿枋瞿硞€(gè)地方有什么景物時(shí)可使用There be句型;然后引導(dǎo)學(xué)生練習(xí)說(shuō)“There is /are…”這個(gè)句子。There be句型對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)并不陌生,學(xué)生紛紛舉手發(fā)言。
S1: There is a river.
S2: There is the sun.
S3: There are trees.
…
學(xué)生說(shuō)的句子比較單一,于是我又補(bǔ)充:我們可以在名詞前面加上一些形容詞,讓語(yǔ)言更加豐富,如長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的河流、高高的山等。在我的引導(dǎo)下,學(xué)生思維活躍,他們輸出的句子更加豐富多彩。
S1: There is a long and clean river.
S2: There is the big sun in the sky.
S3: There are some green trees.
…
接著,我適時(shí)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生:在描寫圖片時(shí),除了說(shuō)一說(shuō)圖中的景物之外,還可以說(shuō)一說(shuō)圖中的人物在干什么,可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)描述他們正在做的事情。我給學(xué)生列出了句型結(jié)構(gòu):人+is / are +干什么+地點(diǎn)。學(xué)生根據(jù)句型結(jié)構(gòu),開始練習(xí)說(shuō)出以下一些句子:
S1: The man is sleeping under the tree.
S2: The grandma is listening to music under the tree.
S3: The baby is crying. He is very sad.
…
在這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中,我變換了說(shuō)的形式,如四人小組合作說(shuō)句子、同桌比賽說(shuō)句子、推選說(shuō)句子大王等。學(xué)生覺得這樣的練習(xí)活動(dòng)不枯燥,他們興趣盎然地說(shuō)出了各自的句子。
第二步:“寫一句話”訓(xùn)練
在進(jìn)行了大量的“說(shuō)一句話”訓(xùn)練后,我在黑板上寫下句型一“There is / are …”和句型二“…is/ are…”,要求學(xué)生在句型框架的幫助下把剛練說(shuō)的完整、通順的句子寫下來(lái),進(jìn)而進(jìn)入了寫話訓(xùn)練的環(huán)節(jié)。由于上一環(huán)節(jié)的訓(xùn)練到位,此時(shí)大部分學(xué)生能寫出很多句子,基礎(chǔ)薄弱的學(xué)生在老師的引導(dǎo)下,也能寫出多個(gè)完整的句子。例如:
S1: There are clouds and the sun in the sky. The young man is under the tree. He is sleeping. The boy is crying. The old woman is listening to music. The bird is singing .
S2: Today is very hot. Its in the park. The tree is very tall. The sun is red. The river is long. There are four girls. They are rowing a boat. The boy is catching butterflies. He is sad. The man is sleeping under the tree.
S3: There are two mountains. There is a small bird. Its flying near the tree. There are two tall trees. An old woman is listening to music. A man is sleeping under the tree. There is a long river. Four girls are rowing the boat. The sun is big. The sky is blue.
剛開始進(jìn)行寫話訓(xùn)練應(yīng)遵循“起點(diǎn)低、坡度小”的原則,重表?yè)P(yáng),多鼓勵(lì)。學(xué)生能寫一句完整的話后,再提出適當(dāng)?shù)囊?,引?dǎo)學(xué)生從各方面來(lái)寫句子,比如圖片中的物、景、人等。此階段還要幫助學(xué)生解決一些拼寫方面的困難,讓學(xué)生從能寫一句話到寫好一句話,再到能寫好多句話。
第三步:“連句成段”訓(xùn)練
把話寫完整靠“練句”,把話寫連貫則靠“連句”。在整個(gè)語(yǔ)段寫作訓(xùn)練中,句子是基礎(chǔ),“連句”是關(guān)鍵。
我在教學(xué)中引導(dǎo)學(xué)生仔細(xì)看圖,弄清楚四要素,即時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事情,再按照一定的順序把剛寫下來(lái)的句子進(jìn)行排列整合,最后“添頭加尾”,寫出一個(gè)完整的語(yǔ)段。
經(jīng)過三個(gè)步驟的訓(xùn)練,學(xué)生的作品非常精彩。前面兩個(gè)語(yǔ)段范例經(jīng)過學(xué)生的修改,語(yǔ)言更加豐富,意思更加連貫。
S1: Its in the park. There are clouds and the sun in the sky. There are some mountains, some trees and a long river. The bird is singing. The young man is under the tree. He is sleeping. The old woman is listening to music. Four girls are rowing a boat in the river. They are happy.
S2: Today is very hot . its in the park. The sky is blue. The sun is red. The clouds are white. The tree is very tall. The river is long. The birds are flying. The boy is catching butterflies. He is sad because he cant catch the butterfly. There are four girls. They are rowing a boat in the river. They are very excited. The man is sleeping under the tree. Its a lovely park.
S3: Its a sunny day. The sun is hot and the sky is blue. There are some white clouds in the sky. There are many green mountains and trees. There is a long river. There is a boat in the river. The small bird is singing and dancing. The butterfly is flying. Under the tree, an old woman is listening to music and a young man is listening to music and a young man is enjoying the sunshine. They are so happy. But the boy is crying. He is so sad. Today is a nice day!
在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中,教師可用很多方法指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在“練句”的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行“連句”訓(xùn)練。例如,教師可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生熟讀、背誦一些語(yǔ)段,體會(huì)其內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系,在頭腦中積累一些課文中的語(yǔ)段的范式。
要提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)段寫作能力,不是一朝一夕的事,它需要一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的過程。只要教師多實(shí)踐,多思考,一定會(huì)有更多的方法幫助學(xué)生提高語(yǔ)段寫作能力,讓學(xué)生更好地、創(chuàng)造性地使用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行表達(dá)。
(責(zé)任編輯 劉 馨)