淺議完形填空解題技巧

孫淑娟

仔細(xì)研讀近幾年高考完形填空我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，記敘文是高考完形填空中出現(xiàn)概率最高的一類(lèi)文體，該體裁多以記人、敘事為主。具體地說(shuō)，它是借助敘述、描寫(xiě)等手段記敘社會(huì)中的人物和事件的情態(tài)及其發(fā)展過(guò)程，以表達(dá)作者的態(tài)度和思想。記敘文多以人物思想和行為為中心，以時(shí)間或空間的變化為線索，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)束來(lái)展開(kāi)敘述。其主要話題涉及勵(lì)志故事、人物傳記和新聞報(bào)道等，大多數(shù)都富有積極的教育意義，給人以人生的啟迪或是充滿(mǎn)了生活情趣或人生感悟，均符合高中英語(yǔ)新課標(biāo)所提出的選材要求。

在記敘文類(lèi)完形填空的解題過(guò)程中，除了需要具備扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)之外，還需要一套過(guò)硬的解題方法和技巧。很明顯，如果掌握了若干成熟的解題路子，就會(huì)起到事半功倍的效果，從而大幅度提高正確率。下面以高考題中的完形填空為例子，詳細(xì)解讀記敘文類(lèi)完形填空的解題思路和策略。

一、利用首句來(lái)解題，根據(jù)全文來(lái)選擇

首句一般不設(shè)空。因此我們應(yīng)重視首句，并利用首句預(yù)測(cè)短文的問(wèn)題和全文內(nèi)容。

1. I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was ____ and when I was 14 he said. “Youre never going to be anything but a failure.”

A.bright B.useless

C.simple D.hopeful

2. Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her first concert. She had been waiting for this moment for years and years. “Now it is here at last，” she thought. “How beautiful her ① is.”

The song made her go back to the days when she was Laurens age. As a young girl， Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied ② in France， Italy and in the United States. “You can become a fine ③ in the future，” her teachers told her. “But you must be prepared to study hard and work for many years.

①A.voice B.face C.dress D.life

②A.French B.music C.piano D.dance

③A.actress B.student C.singer D.dancer

二、根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，合理推斷來(lái)解題

Our father was struggling lawyer， but I always knew he was ① . He never criticized us， but used ② to bring out our best.

①A.strict B. honest C. special D. learned

②A.help B. peace C. smile D. praise

三、利用語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志解題

常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)：結(jié)構(gòu)層次：firstly， secondly， thirdly；邏輯關(guān)系：thus， therefore， so；遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：besides， whats more， further.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but， while， however， on the other hand等。

She told the front-desk clerk she had had a（n）____ vacation， but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed.

A.disappointing B.wonderful

C.uncomfortable D.important

因此，我們要善于“三找”：“一找”邏輯關(guān)系（轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、解釋、對(duì)立、因果、并列、總分、遞進(jìn)）；“二找”NOT；“三找”AND。

四、根據(jù)邏輯推理解題

And the officers then began to eat their meal， saying that the mushrooms had a very strange____ quite pleasant taste.

A. besides B. but C. and D. or

五、根據(jù)常識(shí)和文化背景來(lái)選擇

The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. Owning springs and streams sometimes means control， particularly in the _____areas like the desert.

A. dry B. distant

C. deserted D. wild

六、從語(yǔ)法角度來(lái)解題

1.I went into a cafe and asked for a coffee._____ I was waiting for my drink， I realized that there were other people in the place， but I sensed loneliness.

A.Before B.Since C.Although D.While

2. Have you ever shouted at a teacher， told someone you were lonely， or said you were in love， and then _____ later you had kept your mouth shut？

A.wished B.hoped

C.blamed D.shared

七、從慣用法和固定搭配方面來(lái)解題

He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming____ . So he shouldnt have gone into that place.

A.after all B.in all

C.at all D.for all

八、從詞語(yǔ)分析的角度來(lái)解題

When， two weeks later， I _____ this same boy， I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society. I should enjoy the country as the son of a minister.

A.ran after B.ran into

C.ran over D.ran to

九、根據(jù)找復(fù)現(xiàn)、同現(xiàn)解題

1.復(fù)現(xiàn)

復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種詞匯銜接手段，它通過(guò)原詞、同義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等形式，重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來(lái)表達(dá)某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機(jī)地銜接在一起。

（1）原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

為了表達(dá)的需要，在具體的上下文中同一個(gè)單詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

All of a sudden I started to feel rather ① . She wondered why I was looking for this sort of ② . I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.

①A.encouraged B.dissatisfied

C.helpless D.pleased

②A.place B.job

C.advice D.help

（2）同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是借助意思相近的表達(dá)方式，或解釋性的語(yǔ)言使上下文的語(yǔ)義得以連接起來(lái)。

This is what a hobby means， I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the ____of it. The value in dollars is not important； we do it for the pleasure it gives us.

A. benefit B. good C. fun D. interest

（3）反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

語(yǔ)意的連貫有時(shí)是通過(guò)對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)而采用反義復(fù)現(xiàn)的手段，或者是以反義的方式對(duì)前文加以解釋?zhuān)忌梢詮姆戳x的角度判斷正確的選項(xiàng)。

Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesnt _____ your money； it only tightens it.

A. loosen B. weaken

C. decrease D. reduce

（4）同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

對(duì)于上下語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)的表達(dá)，還可以借助復(fù)現(xiàn)的信息的同源詞或同根詞。

Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given， the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading ... When research is_____ ， the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.

A. collected B. assigned

C. distributed D. finished

（5）上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

上義詞具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，作者會(huì)先概述，再分述。

Other times， he would join student groups to discuss a variety of ____ agriculture， diving and mathematics.

A. questions B. subjects

C. matters D. contents

2.同現(xiàn)

同現(xiàn)指意義上相互聯(lián)系的單詞出現(xiàn)在用一句話或同一語(yǔ)篇中。

（1）場(chǎng)所同現(xiàn)

On ____ days， she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.

A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy

（2）修飾同現(xiàn)

Although these wide modern roads are generally____ and well maintained， with little sharp curves and many straight____， a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one.

A.stable B.smooth

C.splendid D.complicated

A.selections B.separations

C.series D.sections

（3）因果同現(xiàn)

“Hooray！” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest____ I had ever heard at a meeting. The first-place runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line.

A.cheer B.shout C.cry D.noise

（4）結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)

Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess._____， he would join student groups to discuss a variety of subjects： agriculture， diving， mathematics.

A. As a matter of fact B. Later on

C. Other times D. In general

（5）同義同現(xiàn)

If a student has a problem with classroom work， the student should either _____ a professor during office hours or make an appointment.

A. greet B. attach

C. approach D. annoy

技巧一：上下求索——尋信息

（2009年陜西）“Take a bite of each one. See if that helps you decide which one if which.” He took ____， and then a huge smile came across his face.

A. big bites B. deep breaths

C. a firm hold D. a close look

I climbed the stairs slowly， carrying a bit suitcase， my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor， I was ① and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still， Dad ② a step and fell， sending my new suitcase ③ down the stairs.

①A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired

②A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked

③A. rolling B. passing C. dropping D. turning

技巧二：左顧右盼——找聯(lián)系

And was _____ to find that she didnt have any trouble with those subjects.

She was competing against very talented girls and she knew it would be _____ for her to be selected.

Were born with exceptional qualities， ____ only a few really realize their true potentials and make efforts in life and the others just lead an average life.

技巧三：固定搭配——常牢記

Mrs. Clark was ____ the tea at the time.

A. cooking B. making

C. burning D. serving

I want to thank you for teaching me a very valuable lesson in my life by the example you_____

A. followed B. gave C. set D. took

Hurriedly， they packed their belongings and set off _____ the direction of the river.

A. for B. to C. At D. in

技巧四：熟詞生義——巧辨析

Dad taught me a lot about life， especially its hard times. I remembered one of his ① ， one night when I was ready to quit a political campaign I was losing， and wrote about it in my diary.

Tired， feeling the months of ② ， I went up to my study to make some notes.

①A. classes B. advice

C. lessons D. talks

②A. struggle B. working

C. battle D. defense

She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play.

It was a good ① of getting rid of his nervousness， she said. She was right， it seemed to

② .

①A. idea B. way C. path D. plan

②A. do B. win C. work D. act

Again， I ____ with Professor Jayne. Again， he listened patiently but wouldnt change his mind.

A. quarreled B. reasoned

C. bargained D. chatted

The teacher said Evonne is not college material... Evonnes head ① down in her studies the rest of that year. Then she worked her way through college. She finished her 4 years and ② to graduate school.

①A. kept B. nosed C. bent D. turned

②A. wandered B. headed

C. immigrated D. rushed

總之，通過(guò)對(duì)上述各種解題技巧的解讀，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，完形填空的解題絕不是無(wú)章可循，而是有可以參考的重要線索和規(guī)律。總的看來(lái)，基于主題思想的范疇，這些規(guī)律可概括為：上下求索找信息、深思熟慮辯邏輯、左顧右盼選搭配、前思后想靠常識(shí)。

（作者單位：黑龍江省青岡一中）