世界經濟主要指標

國家統計局國際統計信息中心

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·國際統計數據·

世界經濟主要指標

國家統計局國際統計信息中心

一、世界經濟

表1 世界經濟增長率(上年=100) 單位：%

注：(1)國際貨幣基金組織公布的世界及分類數據按照購買力平價方法進行匯總，世界銀行和英國共識公司按匯率法進行匯總。 (2)印度數據指財政年度。(3)各經濟體2015年數據已據其官方發布結果做了調整。

表2 世界貿易量增長率(上年=100) 單位：%

注: 包括貨物和服務,為出口量增速和進口量增速的簡單平均數。

資料來源: 國際貨幣基金組織2017年1月預測。

表3 消費者價格漲跌率(上年=100) 單位：%

注: (1)印度來源于英國共識公司的數據指財政年度。(2)各經濟體2015年數據已據其官方發布結果做了調整。

表4 消費者價格同比上漲率 單位：%

資料來源：世界銀行數據庫。

表5 工業生產

注：(1)工業生產指數同比增長率為經季節調整的數據。(2)采購經理人指數超過50預示著經濟擴張期。

資料來源：世界銀行數據庫、美國供應管理協會。

二、美國經濟

表6 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(環比) 單位：%

表7 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(環比) 單位：%

注：季度數據按季節因素調整、折年率計算(表6、表7)。

資料來源：美國商務部經濟分析局(表6、表7)。

表8 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(同比) 單位：%

表9 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(同比) 單位：%

注：季度數據按季節因素調整(表8、表9)。

資料來源：美國商務部經濟分析局(表8、表9)。

表10 勞動力市場 單位：%

注:除年度數據以外，勞動生產率增長率為該月份所在季度的增長率。

資料來源：美國勞工統計局。

表11 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

注:包括貨物和服務貿易。因季節調整，各月合計數據不等于全年總計數據。

資料來源：美國商務部普查局。

表12 外國直接投資 單位：億美元

資料來源：美國商務部經濟分析局。

三、歐元區經濟

表13 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(環比) 單位：%

表14 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(環比) 單位：%

資料來源：歐盟統計局數據庫(表13、表14)。

表15 勞動力市場 單位：%

注:除年度數據以外，勞動生產率增長率為該月份所在季度增長率；就業人數為該月份所在季度的環比變化。

資料來源：歐洲央行統計月報、歐盟統計局數據庫。

表16 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(同比) 單位：%

表17 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(同比) 單位：%

資料來源：歐盟統計局數據庫(表16、表17)。

表18 進出口貿易 單位：億歐元

注:歐元區絕對數指歐元區現有范圍，即19個成員國。貿易額不包括歐元區各成員國相互之間的貿易額，為經季節調整后的數據。

資料來源：歐盟統計局數據庫。

表19 外國直接投資 單位：億歐元

注:歐元區絕對數指歐元區現有范圍，即19個成員國。歐元區外國直接投資額不包括歐元區各成員國相互之間的直接投資額。

資料來源：歐洲央行統計月報。

四、日本經濟

表20 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(環比) 單位：%

表21 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(環比) 單位：%

表22 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(同比) 單位：%

表23 國內生產總值及其構成增長率(同比) 單位：%

資料來源：日本內閣府(表20～表23)。

表24 勞動力市場 單位：%

資料來源：日本統計局和日本央行統計月報。

表25 進出口貿易 單位：億日元

注:月度貿易額為季節調整后數據。

資料來源：日本財務省。

表26 外國直接投資 單位：億日元

資料來源：日本財務省。

五、其他主要國家和地區經濟

表27 國內生產總值增長率(同比) 單位：%

注：印度年度GDP增長率為財年增長率。

表28 國內生產總值增長率(同比) 單位：%

資料來源：各經濟體官方統計網站。

表29 勞動力市場失業率 單位：%

表30 勞動力市場失業率 單位：%

注：(1)英國和中國香港月度數據為截至當月的3個月移動平均失業率。(2)加拿大、英國、韓國和中國香港為經季節因素調整后的失業率。

資料來源：各經濟體官方統計網站。

表31 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

注：加拿大和英國數據經過季節因素調整。

表32 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

表33 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

表34 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

表35 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

表36 進出口貿易 單位：億美元

資料來源：各經濟體官方統計網站(表27～表36)。

六、三大經濟體指標對比圖

圖1 三大經濟體GDP環比增長率(%) 注：美國為環比折年率增長率。

圖2 三大經濟體失業率變動(%)

圖3 三大經濟體出口額同比增長率(%)

圖4 三大經濟體進口額同比增長率(%) 數據來源：各經濟體官方統計網站(圖1～圖4)。

責任編輯：陳璇璇

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(1) Some characteristics of China’s economic operation in 2016

Xu Xianchun

China economic operation in 2016 exhibited the following main features: from the production perspective, the added value of the third industry played a major role in driving economic growth; from the perspective of demand, economic growth was stimulated by domestic demand, and consumption demand played a major role; from the perspective of income, the growth speed of per capita disposable income over the previous year dropped slightly, the total industrial profits above scale shifted from the decline in last year to faster growth this year, the growth rate of national general public budget revenue dropped; from the price point of view, consumer prices rose modestly, the scale of price declines of industrial producer and imported goods narrowed significantly over the previous year; from the view of structure, industrial structure, demand structure and income distribution structure have been further improved; from the new momentum point of view, strategic emerging industries, high-tech industries, new products,and online retail sales grew rapidly, and new momentum accumulated; from the perspective of the key tasks of the supply side structural reform, “three drops, one reduction and one supplement” showed results effectively; from the point of view of the main problems, demand was still insufficient, excess capacity still existed, the economic downward pressure was still huge.

(2)Global economic trends and China’s strategy

Huang Zhiling

The current global situation of the United States, the European Union and China constituting “three carriages” market structure will maintain for a long period of time. Chinese strategic vision must focus on the pattern of the world economy, seize the opportunity of the world economy’s profound adjustment, decisively upgrade and maintain accelerated growth, especially for high technology and high-end equipment industries, maintain the trend of consumption upgrade; further strengthen its market cultivation, and strive to improve the effective attraction to the external market; the key is to do well in Asia, strengthen the internal contacts and become the real core of Asian markets; and expand and stabilize economic ties with Africa, South America, Australia; establish the dislocation competition with the European and US markets and international cooperation, strive to dispel their fire safety concerns, avoid direct confrontation; reverse market expectations of China economic outlook as soon as possible to resolve the pressure of RMB devaluation.

(3)Accelerating financial reform and innovation, and promoting the transformation and upgrading of the real economy

Jia Kang

Finance serves for the healthy development of the real economy, which is the starting point and destination of finance. The problem of excessive monopoly due to shortage in the field of financial services is a problem to be solved by China’s financial reform. This paper discusses some of the basic views for China to accelerate financial reform and innovation and promote the transformation and upgrading of the real economy, putting forward the imperative “six aspects of China financial innovation” in the process of leading the new normal and pursuing sustainable development.

(4)The latest trends of China’s investment in EU and EU foreign investment inspection

Chen Chao

After the global financial crisis, European countries continue to increase efforts to abstract foreign investment, China continued to increase direct investment in the EU, which has become China’s largest overseas investment destination. China’s direct investment in the EU gradually shifted from mergers and acquisitions to high-end manufacturing, exhibiting investment diversification. In the context of in-depth negotiations between China-EU bilateral investment agreements, studying the investment policy and investment environment of the EU and Member States will contribute to Chinese enterprises’“going out”. We should actively promote the negotiation of bilateral investment agreements between China and the EU, make full use of the European investment promotion agencies, attach importance to the role and value of intermediary services and respect the European market.

(5)China should play a more important and constructive role in global issues

Ren Haiping and Xu Chaoyou

With the enhancement of comprehensive national strength and improvement of international status and influence, Chinese should uphold international justice more actively, play the role being a responsible big country, and play a more important and constructive role in addressing global issues. We should build a comprehensive and win-win international relations, focusing on dealing with the three major relations with big powers, neighboring countries and developing countries, respectively. China should vigorously promote the new concept of global cooperation and development, and win the wide recognition by the international community. China should actively participate in the global hot issues, and put forward more Chinese programs so as to play a greater role. China should advocate and practice multilateralism in a more positive manner, participate in multilateral affairs, and play an important role in international organizations to promote the resolution of global issues. China should actively promote the development of global governance rules, and promote the reform and improvement of the international system. China should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, firmly safeguard national interests and human interests, and lay a solid foundation for the long-term development of peace between China and the world.

(6)Gatekeeper, decision makers and Coase dilemma——Simultaneously on the American foreign policy decision supportive system

Sheng Sixin

Because of information explosion and specialization, modern government and large enterprise decision makers have to use various types of gatekeepers, assist in collecting information processing and decision-making options. Theoretical analysis of the plight of the Coase further pointed out: if the decision-maker is lack of substantive control over the gatekeeper assisting decision-making process, he will become a prisoner of its gatekeeper. In order to illustrate the application value of the gatekeeper perspective this article takes the American diplomatic decision supportive system as an example and analyzes from the gatekeeper perspectives the decision structure, characteristics, quality and risk support system. Finally, some suggestions are given for decision makers on how to improve the quality of decision making.

(7)Give full play to the role of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives in rural cooperative finance

Ai Yongmei

China’s rural financial demand is far greater than supply and structural imbalance is rather serious. Rural cooperative finance in rural areas can have the aid of social acquaintances kinship, geopolitical, and popularity advantage, having become an important supplement of the rural financial system. In recent years, by virtue of its unique agricultural industry chain advantage, information advantage and organization system advantages, the Supply and Marketing Cooperatives explore the innovation of rural cooperative financial services and provide a useful reference for financing your body to solve the difficulties and expensiveness in financing. In 2015, “On deepening the comprehensive reform of supply and marketing cooperatives decision” by the CPC Central Committee and State Council raises the requirements for the Supply and Marketing Cooperatives to carry out rural cooperative financial services. This article suggests to improve the legal protection system, operation system and security system construction of rural cooperative finance as soon as possible, and encourage the Supply and Marketing Cooperatives to set up the national rural cooperative financial risk protection fund.

(8) The basic ideas of the coordinated development of regional culture in China

Liu Min and Li Jianmei

The coordinated development of the regional culture is a new topic for China’s current economic and social development, requiring handling the relationship between regional public service resources and resource allocation, regional cultural industry development and economic growth, regional culture and regional development, regional public cultural services and cultural industries. At present, due to the long-term existence of the mismatch of cultural elements resources, administrative division, spatial difference, dualistic structure of urban and rural areas and management system and mechanism obstacles, China’s regional cultural coordination faces the contradiction between supply and demand, the content difference, the gap between urban and rural areas, industrial inefficiency, weak awareness of a series of problems, great efforts should be made to integrate the regional cultural elements, innovate cultural service mode, aim at cultural industrial direction, leverage cultural innovation means, get rid of the coordination mechanism obstacles so as to expand cultural coordination space, enrich the cultural content of coordination, form scale agglomeration force, optimize cultural coordination quality, and enhance the cultural coordination efficiency.

(9)A survey on German innovative design

Zhang Jin and Xu Wenjing

Germany is the birthplace of modern design,and creative design industry is its third largest industry. In order to safeguard the cultural sovereignty and stabalize employment market, Germany transforms and upgrades the traditional industries, and converts economic growth momentum, and vigorously promotes the development of the design industry. The creative design industry in Germany has a large span, with micro enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises being the main body, and the big cities as the lead, radiating the surrounding areas more and more obviously. The German government subdivides the design industry, integrates the existing preferential policies and support measures, establishes specialized agencies to strengthen guidance and services, and actively expands the publicity, encourages exports, organizes the International Design Festival, cultivates creative design industrial professionals. The main implications for the development of innovative design of Chinese manufacturing support system include the establishment of perfect innovative design, user-driven innovation being the basic design philosophy, the goal of design education is to provide outstanding design talents for the industry, and the incubator is to provide quality services for entrepreneurship.

(10)Theoretical exploration and practical exploration into China’s reform and development -A Review on “Zheng Xinli Collected Works”

Xu Wei

Based on Research on “Zheng Xinli Collected Works” the article discusses the main achievements and contribution of Zheng Xinli in the aspects of macro regulation theory and practice and academic research. Zheng Xinli putted forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints and new judgments, his insights and valuable economic thoughts have important theoretical, policy and academic value, which helps us to summarize the experience of reform and opening up, grasp the law of development China economy in the new period under the new situation, effectively promote the reform and opening up and ensure the economic development in China is on the healthy orbit.

Editor：Huang Yongfu