高志勇 謝恒星 李吉鋒 劉史力
摘要:濕地生態系統是地球上最豐富的生態系統之一,具有豐富的生物多樣性,為工業、農業、能源、醫療業等提供大量生產原料,同時又能貯藏水源、調節洪水、補給地下水、凈化水質,對人類具有巨大的環境和社會價值。近年來,人類活動造成的氣候變化越來越明顯,濕地生態環境又非常脆弱,極易受氣候變化影響,尤其是溫度升高和降水量減少,都會對濕地的生態環境產生重大影響,從而導致生物多樣性減少、濕地退化甚至消失。本文從多方面論述了氣候變化對濕地生態環境及生物多樣性的影響,為濕地保護和利用提供參考。
關鍵詞:氣候變化;濕地;生態環境;生物多樣性
中圖分類號:S16
文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1008-0457(2017)02-0057-04國際DOI編碼:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.02.012
Abstract:Wetland is one of the richest ecosystems on the earth. It supports high levels of biodiversity and provides lots of raw materials for industry, agriculture, energy, and healthcare and so on. Meanwhile, wetland can store water sources, ameliorate floods, recharge groundwater and purify water quality, and thus has enormous environmental and socioeconomic benefits for humanity. In recent years, climate change caused by human activities has become more and more obvious. The wetland ecological environment is very fragile, vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Particularly, temperature increase and precipitation reduction will have a significant impact on the ecological processes of wetlands, thus resulting in biodiversity reduction, wetland degradation or even disappearance. In this paper, the impact of climate change on wetland ecological environment and biodiversity is discussed from various aspects. It can provide reference for the wetland protection and utilization.
Key words:climate change; wetland; ecological environment; biodiversity
濕地在世界各地分布廣泛,是地球表層最富有生物多樣性的生態系統之一,保護濕地生態環境及生物多樣性已經成為當前國際社會備受關注的熱點[1]。廣義的濕地定義為:天然或人工、長久或暫時的沼澤地、濕原、泥炭地或水域地帶,帶有靜止或流動的淡水或半咸水,包括低潮時水深不超過6米的水域[2]。一般認為,世界濕地總面積在七百萬到九百萬平方公里之間,大約為地球陸地總面積的4%-6%[3]。濕地作為一種區域生態系統,不僅在維持生態平衡中起著重要作用,而且具有多種生態服務功能[4]。許多研究表明,濕地生態系統是地球上僅次于熱帶雨林的最豐富的生態系統。濕地具有豐富的生物多樣性和層次完善的食物鏈,因此被譽為“生物超市”;……