倒裝的用法

李珂珍

摘要：一個句子的正常語序應該是主謂賓或主系表的結構。若把謂語動詞放在主語前，即先說謂語再說主語，稱做完全倒裝。另一種是只把謂語的一部分（助動詞、情態動詞或系動詞）置于主語之前的稱之為部分倒裝或不完全倒裝。倒裝的原因是為了句法結構的需要，二是為了句子的平衡或為了強調。

關鍵詞：倒裝句；英語教學

一、完全倒裝的用法

1、here /there /now /then /in .等副詞開頭的句子且謂語動詞為go、come等表示位移動詞時。

Now comes your turn.

There stands a high building.

Here is a photo of my family.

Here you are.

注：當主語是人稱代詞就不必倒裝

2、表方位副詞或介詞短語等開頭的句子用倒裝。通常謂語動詞常是表靜止的動詞。

如：Away went the boy .

In front of my house stands a tall tree.

South of the city lies a big steel factory.

3、分詞或分詞短語置于句首，強調某一動作的進行或完成。

如： Gone are the days when we were short of food and clothing.

Hanging on the wall was a picture.

4、把直接引語放在句首。

如：“I saw a little girl who fell in the river，” said the driver.

二、部分倒裝的用法

1、否定意義的單詞或表否定意義的短語放在句首時。

表否定單詞有：no ，not ，never ，little ，hardly ，rarely ，seldom ，nowhere ，scarcely？？

表否定短語有：by no means ，in no way ，at no time ，no sooner？than， hardly/ scarcely？when ，not？ until ，not only？but also ，no longer .

如：Hardly had he said anything before he left.

By no means is this fight the end of our friendship.

Not only is the teacher interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.（注：not only分句用倒裝，but also分句不用）

2、only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語/狀語從句且放句首，用倒裝。

如：Only then did he know he was wrong.

Only in this way can you succeed.

注：We can succeed only by working hard.

Only I know English.（只有我會英語）

I know only English.（我只會英語）

Only修飾狀語如不在句首就不能倒裝，Only修飾別的成分即使在句首也不倒裝。

3、such或such/so？that置于句首。

如：Such are the facts.

Such was Einstein， a simple man but a great scientist

Such a lovely girl is she that we all love her.

4、so ，neither ，nor置于句首時。

①表示上下文內容也適合于另一個人或物時用倒裝形式。

so neither、nor +be/助/情+主。意思- - - -也（不）

肯定形式否定形式：

②若上下文兩個結構不同的句子所表達的意思也適合于另一個人或物時，多用so it is with sb.

XiaoXiao is clever， but she never passed the exam， so it is with Li Ming.

主系表結構 主謂賓結構：

③若上下文表示內容相同，但是指同一人或物的動作或狀態用so+主語+be/助/情，意思是“的確如此”。

如：It is hot today.

Yes， so it is.

5、讓步狀語從句的倒裝通常用（as/ though/however +adj. /adv）引導。

如：Child as he is， he seems to know everything.

However （no matter how）late he is，his mother will wait for him to have dinner.

Oldest person as he is in the office， he is modest.

把所強調的形容詞、副詞、名詞，或動詞原形放在as前。后面的主語+謂語不倒裝。強調的內容是名詞時省去冠詞，最高級前省去the

注：As he is young， he knows little about the history.

因為他年輕，所以對歷史知之甚少。Young as he is， he knows a lot about the history.

雖然他年輕，但是對歷史了解很多。As表因為或“當？的時候”引導從句不倒裝

6、虛擬語氣（含were/had/should虛擬條件句）可以倒裝，通常省略if。

如：Were I you ， I would accept his invitation.

Should it rain tomorrow， we would put off the sports.

Had I known about it， I would have helped him.

參考文獻

[1] 尤玉秀. 淺析英語倒裝句的結構及用法[J].遼寧廣播電視大學學報，2007，（02）：14-15.

[2] 劉小英. 英語倒裝句的形式及其用法[J]. 咸陽師范學院學報，2003，（05）：79-80.

[3] 張文舉. 淺談英語倒裝語序的用法[J]. 南都學壇，1990，（01）：113-117.