洪承昊??曾博 查玉平 華祥 王少明 陳京元
摘要:為摸清神農(nóng)架林區(qū)華山松大小蠹擴(kuò)散規(guī)律。查閱了華山松大小蠹侵害的本底資料,分析了華山松大小蠹的發(fā)生趨勢(shì),研究了華山松大小蠹危害和海拔、年均高、低溫的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明:神農(nóng)架林林區(qū)中西部,特別是高海拔地區(qū)危險(xiǎn)性高,海拔1 822 m以上區(qū)域華山松大小蠹發(fā)生嚴(yán)重,海拔高度和疫情受害面積呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān),擬合方程為Y=657571 43+374119 05X-30238 1X2,相關(guān)系數(shù)R2為0927 04,但不顯著;年均高、低溫和華山松大小蠹危害面積表現(xiàn)出相同的線性關(guān)系,年均低溫在7~9 ℃,年均高溫在16~20 ℃呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān),多項(xiàng)式擬合方程Y=4656 18E9-4626 45E6X+1 149226 85X2,相關(guān)系數(shù)為0871 89。
關(guān)鍵詞:華山松大小蠹;海拔;溫度;趨勢(shì)分析
中圖分類號(hào):S76文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1004-3020(2017)04-0036-06
Study on Dendroctonus armandi Diffusion Regular Pattern in Shennongjia Forestry District
Hong Chenghao(1)Zeng Bo(2) Zha Yuping(1)Hua Xiang(3)Wang Shaoming(2) Chen Jingyuan(1)
(1.Hubei Academy of ForestryWuhan430075;2.Hubei Pest and Disease Prevention StationWuhan430070;
3.Shennongjia Pest and Disease Prevention StationShennongjia442499)
Abstract: Shennongjia is a significant natural enviroment protection area, has plentiful plant resource in this area, Pinus armandii is the main coniferous forest in forest zone. In resent years, P.armandii has been serious destoried by Dendroctonus armandi. Selected the infected area background data in the past few years, analysized the occurrence trend and the relationship of different altitude and average annual temperature with D.armandi,assesment the difussion area. Result shows the status of pest will be a high occurred situation in the central and west part, especially in the high altitude region.It was a serious damage above 1 822 m, and the altitude has a positive correlation with infected area, the fitted equation is Y=657.571 43+374.119 05X-30.238 1X2,R2 is 0.927 04, but nonsignificant. Annual average high and low temperature has the same linear correlation with the damaged area of D.armandi,annual average low and high temperature is 7 ℃ to 9 ℃ and 16 ℃ to 20 ℃, the fitted equation is Y=4.656 18E9-4.626 45E6X+1 149.226 85X2,R2 is 0.871 89.
Key words:Dendroctonus armandi Tsai et Li;altitude;temperature;trend analysis
神農(nóng)架被譽(yù)為“華中屋脊”,地理位置獨(dú)特,是中國(guó)旅游勝地,境內(nèi)風(fēng)景怡人,林區(qū)內(nèi)動(dòng)植物資源豐富[1]。華山松(Pinus armandii)屬松科(Pinaceae)松屬常綠喬木,中國(guó)特有種,主要位于秦嶺山地,大巴山脈,為海拔分布最高的松屬種[2]。近年來(lái),隨著神農(nóng)架機(jī)場(chǎng)、保障安居工程等一批工程的建設(shè)實(shí)施,林區(qū)內(nèi)植被遭到不同有害生物侵害,華山松作為林區(qū)內(nèi)的主要樹(shù)種,分布面積廣,為有害生物侵染提供了有利條件[3-7]。
華山松大小蠹(Dendroctonus armandi),屬鞘翅目(Coleoptera)、小蠹科(Scolytidae)、大小蠹屬,是中國(guó)特有種[8-10],分布于湖北、四川、甘肅等地[5,11-12]。在神農(nóng)架地區(qū),華山松大小蠹在4月底開(kāi)始羽化成蟲(chóng),到10月止,主要危害30 a生以上的健康華山松,以幼蟲(chóng)寄生在華山松韌皮部?jī)?nèi)側(cè)及木質(zhì)部表層,鉆蛀性強(qiáng),取食華山松韌皮部,進(jìn)而誘導(dǎo)其他小蠹入侵危害[13-14],受侵染的華山松最快在60 d內(nèi)枯死,因此華山松大小蠹嚴(yán)重威脅著神農(nóng)架林區(qū)的華山松生態(tài)健康。……