俄印合作七十年

譯者按：2017年是俄印建交70周年。俄羅斯總統普京在2017年5月30日在《印度時報》（The Times of India）發表署名文章《俄印合作七十年》，全面而簡明地回顧了俄印關系七十年的發展歷程并展望了俄印關系的未來前景。閱讀普京的文章，對人們了解俄印關系是大有助益的。

Russia and India：70 years together

【中圖分類號】 D82 【文獻標識碼】 A【文章編號】 2236-1879 （2017）20-0020-02

俄印合作七十年

This year，we are celebrating the anniversary of a truly historic event.Seventy years ago–on April 13，1947–the governments of the USSR and India announced their decision to establish official missions in Delhi and Moscow.This step on our part logically followed up on our course for assisting India on its way to national liberation and contributed to strengthening its independence.

今年，我們正在慶祝一個真正的歷史性事件的周年紀念。七十年前，一九四七年四月十三日，蘇聯和印度政府宣布決定在德里和莫斯科設立官方使團。我們在這方面的這一步驟，邏輯上符合我們在幫助印度走向民族解放的進程并加強其獨立。

In the decades that have followed，our bilateral partnership has further intensified and strengthened，and has never been subject to expediency.Equal and mutually beneficial relations of the two States have steadily developed.This is quite natural.Our peoples have always had mutual sympathy and respect for each other's spiritual values and culture.

在接下來的幾十年中，我們的雙邊伙伴關系進一步加強和加強，從來不是權宜之計。兩國平等互利的關系穩步發展。這很自然。我們的人民一直相互同情和尊重對方的精神價值和文化。

Today，we can take pride in what we have achieved.With Russia's technical and financial assistance，the pioneers of Indian industrialization came into existence：metallurgical complexes in Bhilai，Visakhapatnam and Bokaro，the mining equipment plant in Durgapur，the thermal power station in Neyveli，the electromechanical enterprise in Korba，antibiotics plants in Rishikesh and the pharmaceutical plant in Hyderabad.

今天，我們可以為我們所取得的成就感到自豪。在俄羅斯的技術和財政援助下，印度工業化的先驅者誕生了：比萊，維沙卡帕特南和博卡羅的冶金工廠，杜加普爾的采礦設備工廠，內韋利的熱電站，科爾巴的機電企業，瑞詩凱詩的抗生素工廠，海得拉巴的制藥廠。

Soviet and，later on，Russian scientists and academics participated in the establishment of research and education centers in India.These include the Indian Institute of Technology in Bombay，research institutes of petroleum industry in Dehradun and Ahmedabad.

蘇聯以及后來的俄羅斯科學家和學者參加了在印度建立研究和教育中心。其中包括印度孟買技術研究所，德拉敦和艾哈邁達巴德石油工業研究機構。

We are proud our specialists helped develop India's space program.Thanks to this fruitful bilateral cooperation，in 1975 India's first satellite，Aryabhata，was launched，and Indian citizen Rakesh Sharma travelled into space in 1984 as a crew member of Soyuz T-11.

我們很自豪，我們的專家幫助發展了印度的太空計劃。由于這次富有成果的雙邊合作，1975年，印度發射了第一顆衛星阿耶波多（Aryabhata），印度公民拉克什·夏爾馬（Rakesh Sharma）于1984年作為聯盟T-11的乘員進入太空。

In August 1971，our countries signed the Treaty of Peace，Friendship and Cooperation，which set forth the fundamental principles of bilateral relations，such as respect for the sovereignty and each other's interests，good--neighborliness，and peaceful coexistence.In 1993，the Russian Federation and the Republic of India confirmed the inviolability of these basic principles in the new Treaty of Peace，Friendship and Cooperation.The Declaration on Strategic Partnership signed in 2000 provides for close coordination of approaches to ensuring international peace and security and resolving pressing global and regional issues.Annual summits have become an established practice in the Indian-Russian bilateral relations allowing us to discuss in a timely manner the efforts taken to accomplish our objectives and set long-term goals.In early June，we will have another summit with Prime Minister Narendra Modi in St.Petersburg.He is expected to attend the St.Petersburg International Economic Forum，in which India will for the first time participate as a partner country.

1971年8月，我們兩國簽署了《和平友好合作條約》，確立了尊重主權和各自利益，睦鄰友好，和平共處等基本原則。1993年，俄羅斯聯邦和印度共和國在新的和平、友好與合作條約中確認了這些基本原則的不可侵犯性。2000年簽署的《戰略伙伴關系宣言》就確保國際和平與安全以及解決緊迫的全球和地區問題的方式進行了密切的協調。年度首腦會議已經成為印俄雙邊關系的慣例，使我們能夠及時討論為實現我們的目標和確定長期目標所作的努力。六月初，我們將在圣彼得堡與總理納倫德拉·莫迪再次舉行首腦會議。他預計將出席圣彼得堡國際經濟論壇，印度將首次作為伙伴國參加。

The legal framework comprising more than 250 documents is being updated on a regular basis.Effective work is carried out within intergovernmental commissions on cooperation in trade and economy，science and technology，as well as culture and military-technical field.Ministries of foreign affairs，security council offices and line ministries maintain continuous dialogue.The interparliamentary and interregional ties，as well as business and humanitarian contacts are actively developing.Military cooperation is also being enhanced：joint land and naval exercises are conducted regularly.

包括超過250份文件的法律框架正在定期更新。政府間經貿，科技，文化，軍事技術合作委員會開展有效的工作。外交部，安理會辦公室和部委保持對話。議會間和地區間的聯系以及商界和人道主義聯系正在積極發展。軍事合作也在加強：陸地和海軍聯合演習定期進行。

Cooperation in peaceful uses of atomic energy is one of the fundamental components of the relationship between India and Russia.The construction of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant with our assistance is a flagship project in this field.In 2013，the first nuclear power unit was put into operation.In October 2016，the second unit was transferred to the Indian side，and construction of the third and fourth power units began.All of this contributes to the implementation of the plans to develop nuclear energy in India involving the construction of at least 12 power units in its territory by 2020.These goals are stipulated in a joint document–the Strategic Vision for Strengthening India-Russia Cooperation in Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy.We intend to further share best practices in this important industry with India and contribute to enhancing its energy security.

和平利用原子能的合作是印度和俄羅斯關系的基本組成部分之一。在我們的協助下建設庫丹庫拉姆核電站是這一領域的一個旗艦項目。2013年，第一座核電機組投入運行。2016年10月，第二臺機組被轉移到印度方面，第三和第四個發電機組開始建設。所有這些都有助于實施印度發展核能的計劃，到2020年在其領土上建設至少12臺發電機組。這些目標體現在共同文件——《加強印度-俄羅斯和平利用原子能合作戰略構想》中。我們打算進一步與印度分享這個重要行業的最佳做法，并為加強其能源安全做出貢獻。

Collaboration in the traditional energy sector is successfully developing.The purchase of a block of shares in the Russian company“Vankorneft”made by the Indian consortium of companies has become the biggest bilateral deal in the oil industry.The possibilities for the participation of Indian companies in joint hydrocarbons exploration and production projects in the Russian Arctic shelf are currently under consideration.There are also good prospects for cooperation in the solar energy filed，modernization of the existing power plants and construction of new ones in the territory of India.

傳統能源領域的合作正在成功開展。印度財團在俄羅斯公司萬科爾石油（Vankorneft）購買一批股票已成為石油行業最大的雙邊交易。目前正在考慮印度公司參與俄羅斯北極大陸架聯合油氣勘探和生產項目的可能性。太陽能領域的合作前景廣闊，印度現有電廠現代化和新電廠建設前景廣闊。

Large-scale projects are carried out in mechanical engineering，chemical and mining industries，aircraft construction，pharmaceutics and medicine.

機械工程、化工、采礦、飛機制造、藥物學和醫學等大型項目已經實行。

One of the priorities is to boost the trade turnover and improve its structure，as well as stimulate economic activity of our business communities.I am referring to enhancing industrial cooperation and increasing supplies of high-tech products，creating a better business and investment environment，and using systems of payments in national currencies.

其中一個重點是提高貿易額和改善結構，同時刺激商業社區的經濟活動。我指的是加強工業合作，增加高科技產品供應，創造更好的商業和投資環境，以及使用本國貨幣的支付體系。

The decision to start negotiations on a free trade area agreement between the Eurasian Economic Union and India adopted in December 2016 is of particular importance.The possibilities of creating the International North？South Transport Corridor are being explored.All these factors should promote the development of our bilateral and regional cooperation.

2016年12月通過的歐亞經濟聯盟與印度自由貿易區協定談判的決定具有特別重要的意義。正在探索創建國際南北運輸走廊的可能性。所有這些因素都應該促進我們雙邊和地區合作的發展。

To encourage reciprocal capital inflow，a working group on priority investment projects was established under the Inter-Governmental Commission on Trade，Economic，Scientific，Technological and Cultural Cooperation.19 most promising projects have already been selected.Russia is committed to long-term participation in the“Make in India”program initiated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

為鼓勵相互資本流入，在政府間貿易，經濟，科技和文化合作委員會下設立了重點投資項目工作組。已經選出了19個最有希望的項目。俄羅斯承諾長期參與由總理納倫德拉·莫迪發起的“印度制造”計劃。

Our countries cooperate intensively in the production of multipurpose weapons and military equipment.Co-production of a unique supersonic cruise missile“BrahMos”is our special pride.Since 1960，the overall value of contracts within the framework of military and technical cooperation has amounted to over USD 65 billion，while the portfolio of orders in 2012–2016 exceeded USD 46 billion.

我們兩國密切合作，生產多用途武器和軍事裝備。共同制造獨特的超音速巡航導彈布哈莫斯（BrahMos）是我們特別的驕傲。自1960年以來，軍事技術合作框架內的合同總價值達650多億美元，2012-2016年的訂單總額超過460億美元。

India and Russia are equal partners in international affairs.Our countries support the establishment of a multipolar democratic system of international relations based on strict compliance with the principles of law and resting upon the UN central role.We are willing to further jointly counter challenges and threats of the 21st century，promote the unifying agenda and contribute to maintaining global and regional security.

印度和俄羅斯在國際事務中是平等的伙伴。我們兩國支持在嚴格遵守法律原則和依靠聯合國核心作用的基礎上建立多極民主國際關系體系。我們愿進一步共同應對21世紀的挑戰和威脅，推動統一日程，為維護全球和地區安全作出貢獻。

We effectively interact within BRICS–an association that thanks to our collective efforts is increasing its weight and influence.This June，India will become a full member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.It will considerably enhance the potential of the SCO.India and Russia also work together within the G20 and other international formats.

我們在金磚五國內部進行了有效的互動——由于我們的共同努力，該組織正在增加其分量和影響力。今年6月，印度將成為上海合作組織的正式成員。這將大大提高上合組織的潛力。印度和俄羅斯也在20國集團（G20）和其他國際模式下合作。

I would also like to note that our countries closely coordinate positions on such complex issues as settling the situation in Syria and ensuring stability in the Middle East and North Africa region.They significantly contribute to the national reconciliation process in Afghanistan.

我還想指出，我們的國家在解決敘利亞局勢和確保中東和北非地區穩定等復雜問題上密切協調立場。雙方為阿富汗的民族和解進程做出了重大貢獻。

I am convinced that the enormous potential of cooperation between the two great powers will be further explored for the benefit of the peoples of India and Russia and the international community in general.We have everything necessary to achieve this–political will of the sides，economic viability and shared global priorities.All this is based on the glorious history of the Indian？Russian friendship.

我深信，為了印度和俄羅斯人民和整個國際社會的利益，將進一步探討兩大國合作的巨大潛力。我們擁有實現這一目標的一切必要條件——雙方的政治意愿，經濟活力和共同的全球優先事項。這一切都是基于印俄友好的輝煌歷史。

Taking this opportunity，I would like to convey the kindest regards to all the citizens of friendly India.

借此機會，我向友好的印度的全體公民表達最誠摯的問候。

http：//en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/articles/54633

作者簡介：蔣華志，1963年9月，男，漢族，四川蒼溪人。歷史學碩士、樂山師范學院馬克思主義學院副教授。研究方向：中國近現代史、國際關系史、英語教學方法。