淺談Therebe結構的教與學

宋學波

摘要：眾所周知，在英語寫作中，固定句式的應用非常重要。句式使用準確率越高，得到的分數也會相應提高。本文重點探討There be結構的教與學。

關鍵詞：英語寫作；there be結構；教學

中圖分類號：G632.0 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1992-7711（2017）07-0015

眾所周知，在英語寫作中，固定句式的應用非常重要。句式使用準確率越高，得到的分數也會相應提高。本文重點探討there be結構的教與學。

首先，there be +主語+狀語，意為某處有（存在）某人或某物，其中要注意be的變化，其有現在時is/are、過去時was/were、將來時will be/（is/are） going to be及完成時have/has been的情形，此時主語一般為可數名詞。

其次，there be +主語+狀語句式中，主語可為不可數名詞，此時be全部用單數形式（特殊情況除外）。

再次，將there be句式變為否定句時，一般情況下在be后加not即可，但在將來時和完成時中，not應位于助動詞之后be之前。否定句中遇some變any；遇a lot of變many或much；遇something/ somebody變nothing/ nobody。

最后，there be +主語+狀語句式，可轉化為主語+be+表語。eg：There are some books on the desk.=Some books are on the desk.

本文將對there be 的結構特征從以下幾個方面詳細分析：

一、there be結構的肯定句

英語表示某時某處有（指存在）某人某物時用“there be+主語+狀語”句型。eg：There are twenty boys in our class.

there be結構中，there是引導詞，無詞義，be是謂語動詞，be后面的名詞是主語，兩者必須在數上保持一致；若有兩個及以上主語時，謂語常與靠近它的那個主語一致。eg：There is a book on the desk./There are water and grass on this place.

二、there be的否定句和疑問結構

1. 否定式（表“沒有……”）：There be +not （any）/no+主語...eg：There are not any people in the room.There is no air and no water on the moon.

2. 疑問句①一般疑問句：Be + there +（any/no）+主語...？

eg：-Is there any water in the glass？-Yes，there is some./-No，there isnt（any）.

②特殊疑問句：當提問定語或狀語時，常用疑問詞（+名詞）+be + there +狀語？eg：How many students are there in your class？

當提問定語時，對可數名詞用how many 提問，對不可數名詞用how much提問。eg：There is a sheep under the tree（對劃線部分提問）。提問：How many sheep are there under the tree？

當提問主語時，不論單復數，均用what 提問，且謂語用單數，最重要的是there 要去掉，而回答時用單數或復數均可。

eg：There are some sheep under the tall tree. 提問：Whats under the tall tree？回答：There are some sheep./There is a sheep.

③反義疑問句：肯定句（There be +主語+狀語）的反問句用Isnt /Arent+ there？否定句（There be not+主語+狀語）的反問句用Is/Are+ there構成，切不可用it/ they代替there。eg：There is some coffee in the cup， isnt there？/There is nobody in the classroom， is there？

三、there be結構中的時態、助動詞以及情態動詞

there be結構中be有不同的時態，且同各種助動詞或情態動詞連用。eg：There was a lot of rain last year./There must/can be someone in the room.

四、“There be”結構中謂語動詞的其他形式

下面，我們將對there be的其他結構進行補充說明。

1. 某時有某時 ：There are 12 months in a year.

2. 預報天氣：There will be heavy rain this evening.

3. 有某人做某事：There is somebody singing in the room.

4. 表推測：（There must/can/may sb./sth.+介詞短語）There must/ can/ may be someone in the classroom.

5. 固定句式：①There is no sense/no purpose/no point/no use/no good in doing sth.做某事沒有意義。There is no sense in helping such a man like him.endprint

②There is no / some difficulty/ trouble/ problem in doing sth.做某事沒有/有些困難。There is no difficulty in finishing the work in 2 hours.

6. 獨立主格：There being（Because there was） no money on me，I had to borrow some from Lily.

7. there be的復合結構：eg：①I want there to be a home.②Ann never dreams of there being a chance for her to be sent abroad for study one day.

8. there be的被動語態：eg：There is said/reported to be a film tomorrow evening.

9. There seems/happens/appears/used to be+sth./sb.……好像/碰巧/過去常常有。

eg：There seems to be nobody in the hall.

10. 除be外，能與there連用的系動詞有stands /lives/exists/lies。

eg：There exists a greedy old man in the town.

11. There is no need to do sth.沒有必要做某事。eg：There is no need to kill him.

12. There is sth./nothing wrong/the matter with sb./sth.=Sth./Nothing is wrong with sb.eg：There is something wrong with my eyes.

13. 動名詞在there be結構中做主語的情形：there is no doing sth.

eg：There is no denying the fact.

綜上所述，只要學生由淺入深、逐步理解、多加練習，牢記本文所講，從肯定句、否定句、特殊問句、反問句及主語的變化影響到be的變化，要牢記心間，特別把時態及其高級句式背會并熟練使用。這樣做的話，筆者認為一定會學好的。endprint