西安市雁塔區養老服務體系建設調研

宦夢溪　樊倩　蘇敬博

摘 要：目的 以西安市雁塔區為縮影，了解當代中國養老服務體系建設現狀，并提出一定的解決構想。方法 采用隨機抽樣調查方法，從2018年3月8日～15日在西安市雁塔區的不同社區內發放調查問卷，得到有效問卷124份。問卷內容包括老年人的基本信息、老年人生存狀況、社區養老服務建設情況、養老體系發展情況。結果 調查數據科學有效，具有普適性；調查對象月收入/支出偏低，受教育程度不高；調查者中78.22%的老年人仍為傳統的自我養老服務模式，87.10%的老年人參加了醫療保險，患病情況下89.52%的老年人由配偶及子女撫養，尚有10.48%的老年人處于無人護理的狀態；受訪對象對社區養老服務設施和內容滿意程度不高，認為“一般”的人數約占50.00%；83.87%的調查對象愿意接受養老機器人服務，但54.84%的受訪者不愿意接受保險護理制度。結論 目前社區提供的養老服務設施及內容均不完善，我國現存養老制度仍有待改進，可從政府鼓勵民間資本投入、發揮互聯網優勢、完善老人長期護理保險制度等方面多管齊下，真正提升老年人生活質量。

關鍵詞：西安市；養老服務體系；調查；自我養老

中圖分類號：R197.1 文獻標識碼：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.22.040

文章編號：1006-1959（2018）22-0138-04

Investigation on the Construction of Endowment Service System in

Yanta District of Xi'an City

HUAN Meng-xi，FAN Qian，SU Jing-bo

（Department of Medicine，Xi'an Jiao Tong University，Xi'an 710004，Shaanxi，China）

Abstract：Objective Taking the Yanta District of Xi'an as a microcosm， we will understand the current situation of the construction of the old-age care service system in China， and propose a certain solution. Methods A random sample survey method was used to distribute questionnaires from different communities in Yanta District， Xi'an from March 8 to 15， 2018， and 124 valid questionnaires were obtained. The questionnaire included basic information about the elderly， the living conditions of the elderly， the construction of community pension services， and the development of the pension system. Results The survey data was scientific and effective， and it was universal. The monthly income/expenditure of the respondents was low and the education level was not high. 78.22% of the respondents were still in the traditional self-nursing service mode，87.10% of the elderly participated in medical insurance. 89.52% of the elderly were raised by spouses and children， and 10.48% of the elderly were in unattended state. The respondents were satisfied with the community pension facilities and contents. The degree is not high， and the number of "general" people is about 50.00%； 83.87% of the respondents are willing to accept the service of pension robots， but 54.84% of the respondents are unwilling to accept the insurance care system. Conclusion At present， the old-age service facilities and contents provided by the community are not perfect. The existing pension system in China still needs to be improved. It can be improved from the government's encouragement of private capital investment， the advantage of the Internet， and the improvement of the elderly long-term care insurance system. The quality of life of people.

Key words：Xi'an City；Endowment service system；Investigation；Self-pension

隨著我國人民生活水平日益提高，醫療衛生技術的不斷發展，人均壽命得到了極大的提高，老年人占總人口的比重不斷地上升。2010年人口普查數據顯示，我國60歲及以上的老年人口為1.78億，占總人口比重的13.3%，表明我國已經全面進入老齡化社會[1，2]。……