問題式學(xué)習(xí)法在眼科實習(xí)帶教中的應(yīng)用研究

孫士平 唐丹梅

[摘要] 問題式教學(xué)法（PBL）可以根據(jù)病情的實際狀況，并密切聯(lián)系臨床操作，探索有效的處理策略，以增強(qiáng)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷與處理問題的水平，調(diào)動其參與的熱情。問題式帶教將眼科中較為多見的典型病例作為帶教引用案例。醫(yī)院眼科帶教效果評價形式是隨機(jī)進(jìn)行問卷統(tǒng)計、理論考評和臨床考評等。問題式教學(xué)法能夠促進(jìn)學(xué)生之間的交流與協(xié)作，提高學(xué)生的語言表達(dá)能力，加深理解與記憶。醫(yī)院眼科問題式教學(xué)法具有的主要優(yōu)勢是問題式教學(xué)既可調(diào)動學(xué)生參與帶教的熱情，還可以鍛煉其綜合判斷與獨立思索的能力。該教學(xué)法將學(xué)生看作主體，有利于拓展其視野，以及加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新意識；促使其主動地參與到帶教之中；而且該法在實際中運(yùn)用較為靈活，有利于增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的鑒別以及口頭表述能力。在眼科實行問題式帶教時，帶教教師需事先設(shè)計適宜的問題，要確保問題能夠聯(lián)系到臨床，以便引其興趣，愿意主動的探究，并注重引領(lǐng)所有帶教環(huán)節(jié)，監(jiān)督學(xué)生的討論，并糾正其錯誤，確保帶教過程順利的實施。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 問題式教學(xué)法；眼科帶教；實習(xí)帶教

[中圖分類號] R-4 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1672-5654（2018）01（c）-0105-02

Research on Application of Problem-based Learning in the Practice Teaching in the Department of Ophthalmology

SUN Shi-ping，TANG Dan-mei

Department of Ophthalmology， Changchun Yinuo Ophthalmologic Hospital， Changchun， Jilin Province， 130000 China

[Abstract] The PBL can explore the effective treatment strategies to enhance the discovery， determination and treatment levels of students and motivate the participation enthusiasm according to the practical conditions of diseases， using the common typical cases in the department of ophthalmology as examples， and the teaching effect evaluation forms in the hospital are the random questionnaire statistics， theoretical evaluation and clinical evaluation， and the PBL can promote the communication and cooperation of students， and improve the students language expression ability and deepen the understanding and memory， and the major advantages of the PBL are that it can motivate the participation enthusiasm of students， but also improve the comprehensive determination and independent thinking abilities， and the method is conducive to broadening their visions， enhancing the innovation awareness and promoting the active participation， and the method in the practice is flexible， which is conducive to enhancing the students differential and oral expression abilities， and the teachers should design the proper problems in advance to ensure the issues related to clinic， thus drawing peoples interests， and we should pay attention to leading all teaching links， supervising the students discussion， correcting their mistakes， and ensuring the successful implementation in the teaching course.

[Key words] PBL； Teaching in the department of ophthalmology； Practice teaching

國外神經(jīng)病方面的學(xué)者Howard Barrow在1969年推出了自行設(shè)計了問題式教學(xué)法（PBL），該教學(xué)法是在教師的帶領(lǐng)之下，從病例或者臨床中挖掘問題，然后，根據(jù)病情的實際狀況，并密切聯(lián)系臨床操作，探索有效的處理策略，以增強(qiáng)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷與處理問題的水平，調(diào)動其參與的熱情[1]。……