淺析通過語篇教學培養學生的閱讀理解能力的方法

【摘要】本文通過闡述課文語篇整體教學的教學思路，指出它與閱讀能力培養的要求不謀而合，并以課文 The Treasure in the Orchard 為例，論證了通過語篇教學培養學生的閱讀理解能力所取得的良好效果和可行性。

【關鍵詞】語篇教學；閱讀理解能力

一、引言

英語閱讀理解能力是指通過閱讀，吸收和獲取書面信息的能力，是英語綜合應用能力的重要體現。這些信息包括：文章的事實和細節，主旨大意、段落大意和中心思想，文章層次和邏輯關系，作者的態度和觀點等。培養學生英語閱讀理解能力一般有兩個途徑，一是通過課堂上的課文閱讀教學，二是通過廣泛的課外閱讀活動。這里，我重點說說課文語篇教學對學生閱讀能力的培養。

二、語篇教學和閱讀理解能力

語篇教學從理解整篇內容入手，把課文作為一個功能完備的整體，首先將課文內容以整體信息的形式向學生輸入，通過閱讀和理解引導學生整體感知語篇，然后進行局部仔細分析，逐步挖掘其他教學內容；最后，從不同的角度、以不同的形式再次整體呈現語篇，與此同時，圍繞語篇展開聽、說、讀、譯相互結合的教學活動，即采取“整---分---整”的教學思路。

三、通過語篇教學培養學生的閱讀理解能力

（一）Before reading

①問題要有針對性，緊扣課文主體。②問題要有層次性，使學生在問題的引領下整體把握課文。③問題要有梯度，形成信息差，能調動學生的學習積極性和興趣。這三個問題如下：

1. When did the two sons set to dig in the orchard？ What did they dig for？

2. Was there any buried treasure hidden in the orchard by the father？

3. How much money did they sell the fruits for？

（二）While reading

A. Give explanation to some useful glossary

B. Paraphrase the some difficult sentences：

Eg. When they came in answer to his request， the old man，raising himself on his pillows， pointing though the window towards the orchard. （para 1）

Paraphrase： In order to follow/ complete their fathers request， the two sons came to his bedside. The father sat up with his back against the pillows and pointed towards the orchardthrough the window.

C. Analyze the structure of the text

How many parts does the text consist of？

Part 1 the old gardeners death and the will he made.（Para1– 7）

Part 2 the two sons digging industriously for the treasure in the orchard.（Para 8 –9）

Part 3 They got a good harvest and sold the fruits for a good price； their points of view towards treasure changed.（Para 10 – 15）

D. Analyze the moral of the fable through answering several gradually-developing questions

（三）After reading

1. 兩個話題供學生在課堂上進行小組討論

A. What do you think the real treasure in the orchard is？

Key： Although the two brothers found no buried treasure that they had expected， they got abundant fruits yielded from the trees， which must be something more valuable in the long run. From the story， we come to know that the real treasure is not the one buried in earth， waiting us to dig out， but something we value and manage to get through hard working.

B. Whats the moral of the story？

Key：The fruits of hard work are the best treasure of all.

No pains， no gains.

2.課后拓展題目

Rewrite or shorten the story in your own words. You should write at least 80 words （Suggestion： You may write the story in a flashback.）

參考文獻

[1]辛華.閱讀策略與大學英語閱讀能力的提高[J].沈陽大學學報（社會科學版），2006（02）：79～81.

作者簡介：何莉梅（1968.06—），女，漢族，重慶人，本科，副教授，研究方向：英語教學法。