左薩帕維茨奧斯大街13號，考納斯，立陶宛

建筑設計：金陶塔斯·納特科維丘斯及合伙人事務所

Architects: G. Natkevicius & Co

1879年，沙皇亞歷山大二世正式指定立陶宛的考納斯市為首要軍事據點后，多座軍事學校拔地而起。Zemieji Sanciai軍事基地建于1886-1896年間，曾為考納斯此類基地中規模最大的一座。10年間，350多棟不同用途的建筑形成了該市的城市結構并塑造了當時的城郊形象。該校園依照合理的城市規劃而建，沿主干道分布，即如今的左薩帕維茨奧斯大街。

在戰爭與和平的各個時期，這座軍事校園被不同的軍隊和工業用于技術服務及生產。隨著時間的推移，許多原有的大樓被拆毀或重建，建筑遭到破壞。20世紀末期，壯觀的軍營里空無一人。大約10年前，私營企業開始重建該地，進程緩慢。

軍營內壯觀的紅磚建筑擁有完美的對稱形狀、豐富的裝飾、斜坡屋頂和琢石。所有這些特征均被完好保存下來并呈現在外，而考頓鋼覆蓋的閣樓以及一排排風格相似的矩形窗則為該建筑增添了一抹當代色彩。

新建筑（兩棟住宅房和幼兒園）完善了城市建構，符合當前的規模，同時又以現代建筑形象及大量的清水混凝土應用來展示自己的時代風貌。

該片區原有的城市布局為大樓之間提供了寬敞的空間。然而，這些空間卻被設計成停車場，而非公共空間（此類功能將深受歡迎）。小型私人后院對公共露天空間的欠缺稍作彌補，專為部分居民設計。學校與幼兒園共用封閉式廣場和綠化區。□（王單單 譯）

2 總平面/Site plan1-幼兒園/Kindergarden2-小學/Primary school3-8-住宅/Residential building

項目信息/Credits and Data

首席建筑師/Head Architect: Gintautas Natkevi?ius

設計團隊/Architects: Lukas Lebednykas, Ronaldas Pu?ka,Adomas Rim?elis , Egl? Savodnikait?

面積/Area: 幼兒園/Kindergarden: 776.12m2, 小學/Primary school: 1182.43m2, 住宅/Residential building: 955.63m2,450.77m2, 450.77m2, 965.10m2, 829.04m2, 1112.88m2

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學校開始施工/Construction of the School: 2016.9

幼兒園開始施工/Construction of the Kindergarten: 2017.9購物中心開始施工/Construction of the Shopping Centre:2016.9

攝影/Photos: Lukas Mykolaitis

After Russian Tzar Alexander the 2nd officially appointed Lithuanian city of Kaunas as a first class military post in 1879, several military campuses were built there. A military base of Zemieji Sanciai(Kaunas), built in 1886-1896 was the biggest of its kind in Kaunas. During 10 years, more than 350 buildings of various purpose formed the urban structure and image of then suburb. The campus was built according rational regular urban blueprint,distributing the buildings along the main central road (current Juozapaviciaus Ave.).

During the various periods of war and peace, the military campus was used by different militaries and industries, related with technical servies and production. With a time, many of the original buildings were demolished or recostructed,damaging their original architecture. At the end of XX c., impressive military barracks were standing empty and derelict, until regeneration processed started slowly some 10 years ago, driven by private business.

A conversion of a 0.05km2military territory challenged the architectural studio G. Natkevicius& Co with a task to preserve valuable historic urban and architectural solutions of the site, while creating contemporary conditions for the residents, office workers and schoolchildren.

The military barracks feature impressive red brick architecture of robust symetric shapes, rich decoration, pitched roofs and ashlar socles. All these characteristics were preserved and exposed while adding contemporary elements, such as corten-clad penthauses, rows of rectangular windows of similar rhythm.

New buildings – 2 residential houses and a kindergarten – complete the urban composition,conforming to the prevailing scale, but give away their times by contemporary architectural image and generously used bare concrete.

The original urban layout of the quarter formed generous spaces between the buildings. However,those were transformed not into public spaces (that would be very welcome for such a set of functions),but to parking lots. The lack of citizen-friendly open air spaces is party compensated by small private backyards, designed for some of the residents. The school shares a safely gated square and a green area with the kindergarten. □ (Text by Ruta Leitanaite)

3 幼兒園地下層平面/Floor B1 plan of kindergarden

4 幼兒園首層平面/Ground floor plan of kindergarden

5 幼兒園二層平面/Floor 1 plan of kindergarden

6 剖面/Section

7 外景/Exterior view

8 立面/Elevations

9 剖面/Sections

10 住宅首層平面/Ground floor plan of residential building

11 住宅二層平面/Floor 1 plan of residential building

12 住宅外景/Exterior view of residential building

評論

韓林飛：由于該項目緊鄰城市主干道，建筑師選擇保留重要的歷史城市形象，維持原有的城市肌理與城市記憶為主要改造目的，并同時解決當前城市居民現代化生活的城市空間需求。

在改造的過程中，建筑師將外部表皮采用考頓鋼的構成手法使用在加建的閣樓中，外表的鐵銹表達出時間流逝的歲月感，與下面的舊紅磚建筑相呼應。學校建筑側面的橫向開窗與居住建筑的規律性矩形窗框造型相對立的設計手法，加上變化的窗棱所表現出的靈動感，營造出居住建筑既對稱規則、而又非常豐富的立面造型語言。

新建的兩棟住宅建筑和幼兒園增加了城市空間的生活功能。新增建筑的體塊采用簡約的矩形，呼應場地內的歷史建筑平面；材質選擇清水混凝土，體現了對歷史建筑的尊重和現代建筑簡潔而不簡單的特點。幼兒園的混凝土表皮，模板不規律，表面不平整，是一種表現主義的設計手法。在西南向立面中，不規則的外部柱廊呈現出獨特的音樂韻律美。

在公共空間改造上，金陶塔斯·納特科維丘斯事務所采用了他們自創的“非公共空間更受歡迎”的獨特設計理念。原有的一些公共空間改成停車場，學校與幼兒園共用活動廣場和花園綠區，為居民設計的小型私家花園；這些設計手法豐富了城市空間的生活品質，獲得了很好的使用效果和市民評價。Comments

HAN Linfei: As the project is close to the main road, a choice of retaining the original urban image was made to preserve the existing urban texture and the collective memory, which could respond to the current spatial needs of the citizens at the same time.

During the renovation process, the architect adopted the Corten steel as the composition method for the outer skin of the additional attic. The rust on the surface can express time perception and build a dialogue to the old red brick building below.The horizontal window openings of the school and the regular rectangle window frames of the residence created a kind of opposition. Together with the dynamic and varied mullions, a rich but readable fa?ade language was embodied in the residential buildings.

The 2 newly-built residential buildings and the kindergarten enriched the life-related program of urban space. A simple volume was adopted for the extension part, reacting to the historical plan. By using the fair-faced concrete,the material both gives respect to the ancient architecture and represents the abundant simplicity of the modern architecture. The irregular pattern and the uneven surface of the kindergarten's concrete fa?ade looks like a kind of expressionism. A unique musical rhythm can be felt from the southeastern external colonnade with irregular columns.

In the aspect of public space transformation, G. Natkevicius & Co insisted on the original and unique concept that "a non-public space is more popular" and decided to convert some of the existing public spaces into parking lots, activity plazas and vegetation areas shared by the school and the kindergarten, private gardens for the residents, etc. These methods largely enriched the quality of city space and urban life,operating effectively and being highly evaluated. (Translated by CHEN Xi)

13.14 小學外景/Exterior views of primary school

15 西南立面/Southeast elevation

16 剖面/Section

17 小學地下層平面/Floor B1 plan of primary school

18 小學首層平面/Ground floor plan of primary school

19 小學二層平面/Floor 1 plan of primary school

20 幼兒園內景/Interior view of kindergarden

21 小學內景/Interior view of primary school

伊爾澤·帕克隆：西歐的眾多城市都在漫長的歷史進程中經歷過數次更新痕跡的層累，也造就了這些城市的特殊性：城市的歷史存留需要不斷適應當代的功能安排和空間需求。考慮將往昔的軍事區域轉化為居住、辦公和學校的功能，不失為當下面向舊有結構更新進程之態度的一種有益示范。在建立新與舊二者之間微妙關聯的方式中凸顯了創造力。設計令技術層面和建筑層面的介入幾乎全部隱形，創造了一種看起來如同歷史層次之和諧共生的結果。盡管如此，相異歷史時期的建筑痕跡仍然保持了各自的清晰可辨。公共空間的構思源于希臘集市的原型，本身就是西歐城市與建筑尺度與生俱來的特征。改造項目同樣也實現了復興公共空間的構想。（陳茜 譯）

Ilze Paklone: Adapting historical substances to contemporary programs and spatial requirements is specifics of the Western Europe, where most of the cities experience layers of renewals over long periods of time. Conditioning former military territory for the residents, office workers and schoolchildren is a good example of current day attitudes toward regeneration processes of old structures. Creativity manifests in establishing subtle connections between the old and the new. The result seems as a perfect symbiosis of historical layers, in which technological and architectural interventions are almost invisible. Though, it is clearly visible that structures belong to different periods of time. The concept of a public space, related to the Greek agora, is inherent into urban and architectural scale design of Western Europe. The conversion project has also achieved revival of the idea of common public space.