王翩然 徐建華 李盛楠
摘 要:文章通過深度訪談41位1977年高考恢復后至今進入圖書館學專業的考生的志愿選擇經歷,可以發現不同時期圖書館職業的社會聲望。研究發現:(1)圖書館學專業在九十年代從“熱門”變“冷門”;(2)圖書館學學生擇業態度在九十年代發生轉變,在此之前,他們希望進入圖書館工作,此后的學生認為畢業后不一定從事圖書館工作;(3)圖書館員的社會聲望受國家政策、圖書館行業政策與社會經濟環境的影響。這提示我們圖書館職業的社會認可程度不僅受行業自身的發展情況影響,更離不開時代與政治社會經濟環境的制約。因此,應緊抓當前良好的政策與社會環境機遇,將圖書館事業發展到新的高度。
關鍵詞:圖書館員;社會聲望;社會地位;高考
中圖分類號:G251.6 文獻標識碼:A DOI:10.11968/tsyqb.1003-6938.2018027
Librarian's Prestige Change: Perspectives from Candidates of College Entrance examination
Abstract The low social prestige of librarian profession is not only caused by its own reasons of librarianship, but also influenced by the political, economic and social backgrounds of different eras. Through in-depth interviews, this study investigated the candidates' profession choice experience since the college entrance examination recovery in 1977, and obtained the social prestige of library profession during different periods. The study found that: first, the popularity of library science cooled in the 1990s. Second, In the 1990s, the students' attitude to choosing a career changed. Before that, they wanted to work in the library, but after that, students thought that they would not necessarily work in the library after graduation. Third, the social prestige of the librarian is influenced by national policies, library industry policies and social and economic environment. This suggests that the social recognition of library profession is not only influenced by the development of the industry itself, but also the restriction of eras and social and political economy. Therefore, we should grasp the current policy and social environment opportunities, and strive to develop the library career to a new height.
Key words librarian; social prestige; social status; college entrance examination
1 引言
自20世紀末起,社會對圖書館職業的社會聲望評價普遍較低,引起了圖書館職業邊緣化、圖書館消亡論等自我貶損論調的興盛。調查發現,圖書館員的社會聲望分別排在36/50位(1996年)[1]、58/100位(1997-1998年)[1]、58/100位(2000年)[2]、60/100位(2001年)[3],64/81位(2005年)[4]、56/99位(2009年)[5]、72/81(2012年)[6],均處于中等偏低位置。對于此,以往的研究多從去職業化[7]、圖書館學生職業背離[8]、教育與實踐脫節[9]等角度進行分析。然而,一項民國時期的調查(1926-1927年)顯示,圖書館員與高級教師、高級職員并列,從事專業性較強的技術工作,收入處于社會中高層[10],這意味著圖書館員一度享有較高的社會聲望與地位,如今的低排名是經歷了聲望下跌的結果。因此,我們認為,僅僅關注當今的、職業自身的情況不足以解釋職業聲望的變化原因,應將觀察尺度在時間上延長,才能發現職業聲望下跌的原因。……