近10年我國煙粉虱發生為害及防治研究進展

褚棟 張友軍

摘要

煙粉虱是我國重要農業害蟲，近10年來我國煙粉虱發生為害呈現以下特點：煙粉虱的優勢生物型/隱種由B型更替為Q型;傳播植物病毒（如黃化曲葉病毒、番茄褪綠病毒）成為了煙粉虱重要的為害方式;煙粉虱抗藥性問題逐漸突出;化學農藥尤其新煙堿類殺蟲劑的廣泛使用是Q型煙粉虱取代B型煙粉虱的關鍵因素。煙粉虱的綜合防控措施日益完善，抗藥性治理與非化學防控措施受到重視，但是依靠農藥的現狀并未完全改變。本文綜述了近10年來我國煙粉虱的發生為害及防治方面的概況，探討了今后煙粉虱防控方面的研究內容。

關鍵詞

煙粉虱; 生物型更替; 傳播病毒; 抗藥性; 化學控制; 中國

中圖分類號：

S 433

文獻標識碼： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018321

Research progress on the damages and management of Bemisia tabaci

（Gennadius） in China over the past 10 years

CHU Dong ZHANG Youjun2

（1. Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province， College of

Plant Health and Medicine， Qingdao Agricultural University， Qingdao 266109， China; 2. Institute of

Vegetables and Flowers， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China）

Abstract

The sweetpotato whitefly， Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）， is an important insect pest in crops. Over the past 10 years， B.tabaci has been researched extensively and intensively in China. The dominant biotype of this pest in most area of China has changed from biotype B to biotype Q during this period; the transmission of plant viruses such as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus （TYLCV） and Tomato chlorosis virus （ToCV） has been the important damage mode of B.tabaci; the insecticide resistance problem of B.tabaci gradually occurred in many regions; the application of insecticides， especially neonicotinoids， is the key factor involved in the displacement of B biotype by Q biotype of B.tabaci. The measures in the integrated management of this pest have been supplemented， among which the non-chemical measures have been emphasized. However， the control of this pest still depended mainly on the application of insecticides in most regions. This paper reviewed the research progress on the damages and management of B.tabaci in China over the past 10 years and discussed the future research in the management of this pest.

Key words

Bemisia tabaci; biotype displacement; virus transmission; insecticide resistance; chemical control; China

煙粉虱Bemisia tabaci（Gennadius）隸屬于半翅目Hemiptera粉虱科Aleyrodidae，是一種世界性分布的農業害蟲。該蟲可通過取食植物汁液，分泌蜜露造成煤污病，傳播植物病毒等方式為害農作物。煙粉虱被視為一種包括多種生物型（biotype）或隱種（cryptic species）的復合種（species complex），這些生物型或隱種在寄主范圍、傳毒能力、抗藥性等方面存在差異[1]。其中，一些生物型如B型煙粉虱（即MEAM1隱種）、Q型煙粉虱（即MED隱種）近30年來傳入世界各地造成了嚴重的經濟損失。

盡管煙粉虱在我國早有記載，但一直屬于一般性農業害蟲。自20世紀90年代中后期以來，該蟲逐漸成為了我國重要農業害蟲。資料表明，煙粉虱的暴發成災與外來B型煙粉虱、Q型煙粉虱的傳入密切相關。近10年來，煙粉虱在我國的發生呈現新的特點。……