孫紹恒 孫黎



【本節(jié)課選自人教版義務教育課程標準實驗教科書《英語》(新目標)八年級上冊?!?/p>
一、教學內(nèi)容與分析
本單元話題是業(yè)余活動,Section B部分是進一步拓展Section A的話題,從談論“課余活動”過渡到“日常飲食和其他生活習慣”。本節(jié)課是進行綜合性寫作訓練,課文中包括三個活動,內(nèi)容環(huán)環(huán)相扣,層層遞進,對學生的語言運用提出更高的要求。3a屬于控制性寫作練習,讓學生根據(jù)表格信息補全范文,幫助學生鞏固和積累有關學生課外活動的詞匯和句子結構。3b讓學生運用表格整理信息,3c讓學生仿照范文,利用所整理的信息寫一篇關于自己生活習慣的報告。教師在教學時應遵循“示范——規(guī)劃——寫作”的過程,既可以有效輔助寫作,又能提升學生的寫作質(zhì)量和樂趣,這比直接進入寫作環(huán)節(jié)、寫后立即評價更有意義。
二、教學目標
1.語言知識目標:
(1)學習并掌握本節(jié)課的重點詞匯:dentist, magazine, however, than, more than.
(2)正確使用下列與頻率相關的知識,例如:hardly ever, often, never, every day, twice a week等寫一篇關于習慣的報告。
2.語言技能目標:遵循“學習示范——信息規(guī)劃——模仿寫作”的過程寫關于習慣的報告。
3.學習策略:學習觀察和利用統(tǒng)計圖表來寫一份關于習慣的報告。
4.情感態(tài)度與價值觀:讓學生樹立正確的日?;顒討B(tài)度,身心健康發(fā)展,從而養(yǎng)成良好的生活習慣。
5.文化意識:了解國外中學生常見的業(yè)余活動。
三、教學重難點
教學重點:正確使用頻度副詞及談論頻度的句型來寫一篇關于習慣的報告,學生可以自然流暢地談論日?;顒雍皖l率。
教學難點:學生可以使用所學語言有效地描述和寫下他們的習慣。
四、教學步驟:
Step I. Leading-in
T:Here are some pictures, look at this one, what is he doing?
S1:He is doing exercise.
T:How often do you exercise?
S1:I do exercise every day.
T:Oh, I think you have a good habit.
T:What is the girl doing?
S2:She is eating junk food.
T:How often do you eat junk food?
S2:I usually eat junk food.
T:Oh, I think you have a bad habit. Eating junk food every day is a bad habit, exercising is a good habit. What about your good and bad habits? Today lets learn how to write a report about our good habits and bad habits. Lets learn Unit 2 How often do you exercise? Section B 3a—3c.
【設計說明】通過與學生進行問答,引入本課話題,激發(fā)學生對本節(jié)課的學習興趣。
Step II. 3a
T:First, Lets look at the chart about Jane. Find out the activities in it. (圖略。)
T:Put these activities into the correct parts:study, health, eating habits, fun and others. (Students write down these activities into the correct parts, choose students to show their answers at the same time.)
T:Add some more activities in each part. Do it one by one.(Students show the activities that they add one by one.)
T:Look at the chart about Jane again. Jane exercises 365 days a year. So we can say Jane always exercises or she exercises every day. What about others? Describe Janes activities one by one.(Ask students to describe the activities about Jane one by one.)
S1:Jane always reads books.
S2:Jane usually watches TV for over 2 hours.
S3:Jane often drinks juice.
S4:Jane sometimes eats hamburgers.
T:Lets look at the report about Jane. Fill in the blanks by using these adverbs of frequency according to the information in the chart.
T:OK, lets check your answers.(Ask students to fill in the blanks, then let them show their answers.)
【設計說明】通過完成3a的活動進一步練習頻度副詞,同時為學生講解新單詞。
T:Just now we described Janes activities using the adverbs of frequency. Look at the chart, can you add some more.(Show students the chart, and then ask students to add some more in the chart below.)
【設計說明】讓學生根據(jù)3a中的表格將活動歸類,并根據(jù)種類的不同再額外添加一些相關活動。緊接著讓學生再次根據(jù)3a表格用頻度副詞造句來描述Jane的活動,然后根據(jù)老師所給的表格將其他與頻率相關的信息總結出來。通過以上活動讓學生對與描述習慣相關的活動及頻度副詞歸納、總結、加深印象,為寫好作文做好鋪墊。
T:Here is a new chart,lets write down good habits or bad habits from the chart in 3a in the correct columns.(Students write out the activities about good habits and bad habits according to the chart in 3a.)
T:Why do you think studying up late is a good habit?
S:Because Jane hardly ever studies up late.
T:Now we can know good habits and bad habits are not fixed. Different frequency of activities lead to good habits or bad habits.
【設計說明】通過這一環(huán)節(jié),讓學生知道好習慣和壞習慣不是一成不變的,而是根據(jù)所做活動頻率的變化而進行相應的變化,并讓學生在寫作文時注意使用正確的頻度副詞去描述自己的習慣。
T:Look at the article again, what kind of article is it?
S:Its a report.
T:If we want to write a report about our good habits and bad habits like this, how can we do it?
【設計說明】利用3a文章的分析將學生的注意力引入到如何寫有關本節(jié)課話題的作文上。
Step III. Pre-writing
T:When we write the report about ourselves, we should pay attention to three parts. They are the opening, the body and the ending.
T:Look at the opening first. We can put it into two parts. The first part is the topic, the second part is the introduction. You can use these structures to write your opening. Look at the topic sentences, who can read them?
S:Everyone has his own habits.
T:Look at the structures that we can use in your report. Who can read them?
S:I always/ usually ... do ...
T:Write down at least three sentences on your paper. (Ask students to write down their own beginning on the paper.)
T:Please show your opening.
T:When we write the body of the report, we can put it into two parts, good habits and bad habits. Look at the report about Jane, What are the blue sentences about?
S:They are about Janes good habits.
T:Look at these sentences, when we write about our good habits, we should write down the topic sentence first. For example, I have some/ a lot of good habits. (Here are my good habits.). Then we could use these sentence structures. For example, I always/ usually... do... (I do... every day/ once a week...)
T:Write down the topic sentence and your good habits.
T:After we write down our good habits, we can use the word, “However”, to lead to bad habits.
T:Look at these sentences, what are they about?
S:They are about Janes bad habits.
T:When we write about our bad habits, we should write down the topic sentences first. For example, I have some/ a few/ several bad habits, too. And then we could write about them according to these sentence structures. For example, I always/ usually... do... (I do... every day/ once a week…)
T:Write down the topic sentence and your bad habits.
T:Look, here is the beginning, this is the body, and is there an ending?
S:No!
T:There is no ending in this report. In the ending, we usually express our opinions about habits, lets read them together to remember them.
T:Write down your own ending.
T:Here are some linking words, lets fill them in the blanks.
T:Here are some other linking words for you, they can make your composition more logical. You can use them in your composition.
T:Now look at the mind map about habits. Lets review together. You can remember it to write your own report about habits. Do you want to have a try?
【設計說明】為學生呈現(xiàn)出文章的結構支架:開頭、正文、結尾,并同時為學生呈現(xiàn)出所需要的語言及句子結構的框架,讓學生們從中選出自己最喜歡的語言及結構并記錄下來,最后為學生展示連接詞在文章中的作用,并給學生呈現(xiàn)出更多的連接詞。通過以上活動使學生掌握文章的結構支架、內(nèi)容支架及語言支架,使學生寫的作文能夠條理清晰、語言準確、內(nèi)容完整。
Step IV. Writing strategy
T:Now it is your turn to write a report about your habits. Who can read it for us ?
T:Before you write your report,pay attention to the writing strategies:“Three analyzes,three lists,three checks”.
【設計說明】通過寫作策略的講解,讓學生將所學的知識又進行了一次鞏固與復習,并可以使學生通過運用三審、三列、三查的寫作策略將自己所要寫的文章梳理的更清晰,避免缺少要素,避免出現(xiàn)不必要的錯誤,起到了寫作前對自己所要寫的內(nèi)容的又一次審查的效果。
Step V. While-writing
T:Before writing, we need to know the standard of the composition. Look at it.
T:Now it is your writing time. You can connect your beginning and body with ending. Dont forget to use linking words. Lets begin.(Students write their own reports using the knowledge they have learned in this class.)
【設計說明】讓學生了解作文的評分標準,使學生在寫作文時能夠準確地把握住得分的要點,最終能獲得更滿意的分數(shù)。
Step VI. Post-writing
T:Who can show us your report?(Choose2 or 3studntes to show their reports, and then check them.)
【設計說明】展示學生作文,并進行批閱,讓學生能夠更直接地了解自己所寫作文的不足之處,及作文所處的層級。
Step V. Summary and homework
T:What have we learned today?
S:We learned how to write a report about our good and bad habits.
T:Todays homework:Write a report about your fathers or mothers good habits and bad habits.
【設計說明】總結本節(jié)課所學內(nèi)容,通過作業(yè)達到復習和為下節(jié)課做好鋪墊的目的。
寫作是初中英語教學中的重點,在初中英語寫作課教學過程中,很多學生都談寫色變,這為英語寫作教學增添了很多阻力,為此,能夠找準寫作課的教學模式和教學策略就顯得至為重要。本節(jié)課,孫老師熟練運用支架式寫作教學模式,通過巧妙搭建各種“支架”,幫助學生生成新的、個性化的習作,完美地詮釋了寫作教學的本質(zhì)——搭設符合學生最近發(fā)展區(qū)的寫作支架,靜待花開。
1.巧用3a構建結構支架和內(nèi)容支架
在結構支架和內(nèi)容支架的梳理上,教師根據(jù)教材安排的“示范—規(guī)劃—寫作”形式授課,先用多媒體的方式將3a表格內(nèi)容展現(xiàn)在學生面前,引導學生開展簡單的口語交流活動,幫助他們熟悉表格內(nèi)容,并運用學習過的觀察和利用統(tǒng)計圖的相關知識,讓學生對與描述習慣相關的活動及頻度副詞歸納、總結、加深印象。最重要的一點就是,通過分析文章內(nèi)容,為學生搭建出關于習慣這一話題寫作的結構支架和內(nèi)容支架,即文章需要分成beginning (開頭)、body (正文) 和ending (結尾) 三部分結構。其中開頭部分具體需要使用topic sentence和introduction來引出話題,正文部分主要介紹兩部分相對的好習慣和壞習慣,結尾部分通過闡述自己的關于好壞習慣的觀點進行結尾,升華文章內(nèi)容。
2.步步為營梳理語言支架
相對于結構支架和內(nèi)容支架而言,寫作教學中語言支架的整理和練習經(jīng)常是授課教師在教學中最容易缺失的環(huán)節(jié)。然而,這一部分支架的搭建其實是學生寫作成敗與否的關鍵所在。大多數(shù)學生欠缺的恰好就是找不到正確的且優(yōu)美的語言輸出要寫的內(nèi)容。孫老師在語言支架的搭建上下了很大的功夫,在每一部分內(nèi)容書寫上,孫老師都為學生找到了適合的語言支架,這些支架不僅僅是一個簡單的句子,而是多個適合不同層次學生選擇的句子結構類型,學生可以在自己能力范圍之內(nèi)選擇合適的句子用到自己的作文中。教師在學生生成個性化,多樣化的文章方面下足了功夫。
3.細化要點搭建評價支架
學生寫作的目的除了培養(yǎng)綜合語言運用能力之外,也脫離不了考試分數(shù)的控制,一節(jié)寫作課的好壞離不了相應的評價機制。孫老師在寫作課過程中為學生梳理了幾個方面的寫作支架,而且在寫作之前還和學生一起確定了寫作的采分點。更重要的是,在學生寫作之后,依據(jù)所確定的采分點以投影展示的形式和學生一起分析評價學生寫作的內(nèi)容,讓學生通過直觀的模式了解怎樣書寫,什么樣的文章才能得到更高的分數(shù),讓學生為今后寫作能力的提高打下了堅實的基礎。
孫老師引導學生分析示例文章的體裁、寫作內(nèi)容以及結構框架,為學生積累了大量的詞匯、短語和句型,內(nèi)容由淺入深,條例清晰,做到了人人會寫,人人能寫。孫老師的教學設計科學、合理,他設計的學案猶如導航圖一般一步一步引領學生完成寫作的構思,既注重教材,又對教材進行了合理化的整合及拓展。尤其在寫作支架的搭設中,一步一步踏實進行,講完一部分,口頭練習這部分,筆頭再鞏固這部分,真正做到了行之有效,高效并實效地完成了既定的教學任務,并得到了超出預想的教學效果。相信隨著支架式寫作教學模式的不斷完善和教師創(chuàng)新意識的不斷發(fā)展,學生的寫作能力會逐漸提升,也會真正達到綜合語言運用能力的不斷提高。
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