高精料日糧中添加釀酒酵母培養物對奶牛泌乳后期產奶量及乳成分的影響

項性龍 胡芳 葉日松 呂晉之 姜勛平

摘要：為研究高精料日糧中添加釀酒酵母培養物對荷斯坦奶牛泌乳后期產奶量及乳成分的影響，試驗選取254頭健康、泌乳天數相近的荷斯坦奶牛作為試驗動物，將其隨機分成A、B兩組進行飼喂，A組為添加4%酵母培養物日糧組，B組為基礎日糧組。結果表明，高精料日糧中添加釀酒酵母培養物的試驗組奶牛產奶量下降幅度顯著低于對照組（P<0.05），試驗組產奶量下降幅度1.55%，對照組下降4.89%。此外，試驗組乳蛋白及乳脂肪的含量增長趨勢高于對照組，試驗組乳蛋白增幅3.19%，對照組增幅僅為0.32%;而試驗組乳脂肪增幅4.99%，對照組增幅為3.67%。說明高精料日糧中添加釀酒酵母培養物可以提高荷斯坦奶牛飼料轉化效率，間接提高奶牛泌乳后期的產奶量，延長泌乳周期，顯著提高乳蛋白和乳脂肪含量。

關鍵詞：釀酒酵母培養物;泌乳后期;產奶量;乳成分;奶牛

中文分類號：S816.6 ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼：A

文章編號：0439-8114（2019）24-0184-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.24.045 ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effect of saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on milk yield and milk composition of

dairy cows in late lactation

XIANG Xing-long1，HU Fang1，YE Ri-song1，LVU Jin-zhi2，JIANG Xun-ping3

（1.Road Environment Polytron Technologies Inc-Road Biological Environmental Protection Technology Co.，Ltd.，Wuhan 430070，China;

2.Zhijiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau，Zhijiang 443200，Hubei，China;

3.College of Animal Science and Technology，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China）

Abstract： For studying the effects of saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on milk yield and milk composition of Holstein dairy cows in late lactation， 254 healthy Holstein cows with similar lactation days were randomly divided into two groups A and B. Group A was fed with 4% saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and group B was fed with basic high concentrate diet. The results showed that the descent rate of milk yield of the experimental group A with saccharomyces cerevisiae culture was significantly lower than that of the control group B. The milk yield of the experimental group decreased by 1.55% and control group decreased by 4.89%. In addition， the increase of milk protein and milk fat content in the experimental group was 3.19%， and 4.99%， respectively， which was higher than that in the control group（0.32% and 3.67%， respectively）. It suggested that adding saccharomyces cerevisiae culture to high-concentrate diet could improve feed conversion efficiency， indirectly increase milk production in late lactation stage， prolong lactation cycle， and significantly increase milk protein and milk fat content.

Key words： saccharomyces cerevisiae culture; late lactation; milk yield; milk composition; dairy cows

酵母培養物是在特定的條件下液體、固體的二級發酵或直接經固體培養基發酵后連同培養基一起加工制成的產品，含有少量酵母菌、變性后的培養基以及酵母的代謝產物[1]。酵母培養物作為刺激反芻動物瘤胃微生物的一種生長因子，能夠改善瘤胃發酵功能、增強機體免疫力、提高飼料消化率，最終起到提高反芻動物生產性能的作用。魏時來[2]認為，正常精料日糧中添加酵母培養物可顯著增加泌乳早期奶牛的產奶量。而對部分牧場使用高精補料日糧在泌乳后期應用效果有待于驗證。