王逢鑫
“族”指具有共同特點的一類人或其中一員。
工薪族,指“掙工資養(yǎng)家糊口的人”。英語譯為wage-earner。例如:一個普通工薪族必須省吃儉用13年才能籌集這個城市一套小戶型公寓所需的首付金。An average wage earner has to save for 13 years just to raise the down payment for a small apartment in this city.
上班族,指“在機關、企事業(yè)單位和公司工作需按時上下班的人員”。英語譯為office worker。例如:每天早晨,許多上班族從郊區(qū)通勤來到位于市中心的辦公大樓上班。Every morning,many office workers commute from the suburbs to the office tower located in the center of the city.
通勤族,指“通過步行、騎車、自駕或乘坐公共交通工具遠距離上下班往返的人”。英語譯為commuter。例如:作為一名每天長距離往返于自己家和工作地點之間的通勤族,他每天早晨乘坐頭班火車進城。As a commuter who travels a long distance every day between his home and his place of work, he rides to town on the first train every morning.
打工族,是我國改革開放以來產生的社會群體,其內涵不斷改變。最初指“農民工”(rural migrant worker),后來又指“干非熟練工種、臟活、累活的體力勞動者”(manual worker),或指“干零活、雜活的人”(odd-jobber),也指“干非正式、不固定工作的臨時工”(casual worker、temporary worker),還指“干半時工作的人”(part-time worker)。現(xiàn)在更多指“被雇傭的人”(employed worker)。例如:當1978年開始改革開放時,他離開家鄉(xiāng)來到這個城市,在一家民營企業(yè)成為打工族。When the Reform and Opening-up started in 1978, he left his home village and came to this city, becoming an employed worker in a private enterprise.
丁克族,指“要事業(yè),要婚姻,要愛情,但不要孩子的夫婦”。這個詞是英語 DINK 的音譯。DINK是Double Income No Kids或Dual Income No Kids (雙收入,無子女)的首字母縮略詞。例如:這些中國丁克族家庭不后悔他們不要孩子而生活的決定。These Chinese DINK families don’t regret their decision to live without children.
悔丁族,指“大齡時想懷孕而備孕的丁克族”。英語譯為DINK exit clan。例如:悔丁族是退出早期的組建丁克族家庭的決定,而決意要孩子的那些人。DINK exit clan are those who opt out of their earlier decision for a DINK family and decide to start a family.
單身族,指“未婚人士或光棍兒”。英語譯為single person、singleton、unmarried person。例如:這位單身族說他獨自生活,沒有配偶需取悅,也沒有子女需供吃供穿。The singleton says that he lives alone, with no spouse to entertain or children to feed and clothe.
月光族,指“每月賺的錢還沒到下個月初就全部花光的人”。英語譯為person who lives from paycheck to paycheck。例如:這個年輕的月光族在銀行沒有存款,偶爾需要從父母那里得到經濟援助。The young man who lives from paycheck to paycheck has no savings in the bank and needs occasional financial help from his parents.
啃老族,指“不升學,不就業(yè),終日無所事事的人”。NEET是“Not in Education, Employment or Training”(不升學,不就業(yè),不接受培訓)的首字母縮略詞。例如:由于結婚的高花銷,一些年輕人已成為“啃老族”,而另外的人轉向“裸婚”。Due to the high cost of marriage, some young people have become NEETs, while others turn to “naked marriage”.
低頭族,指“無論何時何地都低頭看手機而冷落他人的人”。英語譯phubber。這個詞是由phone(手機)和snub(冷落)合成的。例如:如果你玩手機而忽視朋友,你就是一個低頭族。If you ignore friends for phone, then you are a phubber.
賴班族,指“下班不走,一直賴在辦公室電腦前的人”。英語譯為 office dweller。例如:約翰是個真正的賴班族。他六點下班,但通常直到半夜才離開辦公室。John is really an office dweller. He is off at 6 pm, but usually doesn’t leave his office until midnight.