原蒙蒙



摘要: 以鄂東地區(qū)民間布藝形成集群的原因分析為出發(fā)點,歸納梳理了鄂東民間布藝在技藝、材料、配色、圖案、文化上的5大特征。通過對鄂東民間布藝歷史沿革的梳理,得出其形成上述5大特色是受到了場域、地緣和文化等因素的多重影響。研究表明:鄂東民間布藝的“挑補繡”技法是尋常百姓解決衣物磨損問題的成果;“低調質樸”材料特色是物資匱乏和勤勞節(jié)儉民族觀念的共同趨使;“熱鬧為先”配色原則是由于楚文化基因的蔓延和道教“五行說”的浸潤;“格律體”圖案布局是受到唐宋文化的影響;“多樣性”文化特色是受到“吳頭楚尾”特殊地理位置的影響。最后指出鄂東挑補繡目前的傳承境遇。
關鍵詞: 鄂東民間布藝;非物質文化遺產;挑補繡;風格成因;藝術特征
中圖分類號: TS935.1 ? ?文獻標志碼: B ? ?文章編號: 1001-7003(2019)04-0085-08 ? 引用頁碼: 041303
Abstract: Starting from the analysis of forming causes of folk fabrics clusters in eastern Hubei Province, the author summarized five features of such fabrics, including crafts, materials, colors, patterns and the culture. Through investigating the historical evolution of folk fabrics in eastern Hubei Province, it was found that above five features were affected by multiple factors such as field, geography and culture. The research shows that the “patching embroidery” in folk fabrics in eastern Hubei is the result that ordinary people solved clothing wearing problem. The “l(fā)ow-profile and simple” material feature is the common result of scarce materials and diligent and frugal national concepts. The “l(fā)ively first” color matching principle is due to the spread of Chu culture and the immersion of “five elements” of Taoism. The “Metric style” pattern is influenced by the culture of Tang and Song dynasties. The “diversity” culture feature is subject to the influence of special geographical location of Wu and Chu. In the end, this paper points out the current inheritance of the patching embroidery in eastern Hubei Province.
Key words: folk fabrics in eastern Hubei Province; intangible cultural heritage; patching embroidery; style-forming cause; artistic features
鄂東即湖北省東部,狹義上講主要指黃岡地區(qū),廣義上講包括湖北東部三市,即黃岡市、黃石市和鄂州市,西北以聶水為界,東北到桐柏山和大別山,東南到黃梅、武穴,西南以長江為界,本文所討論的“鄂東地區(qū)“指廣義鄂東。綜觀湖北省民間布藝區(qū)域分布(圖1),鄂東有6項,鄂西有3項,荊州、棗陽、武漢各1項,共計12項,其中入選前四批國家級非遺名錄的民間布藝分別為黃梅挑花(國家一批)、陽新布貼(國家二批)、紅安繡活(國家二批)、漢繡(國家二批),鄂東占75%,由此可以看出,湖北省民間布藝在鄂東地區(qū)形成集聚(表1)。目前對于鄂東民間布藝的研究主要集中在工藝技法、工藝特色、傳承譜系、紋樣特征與分類等基礎理論研究領域,但是對于其為什么會在鄂東范圍內形成大面積集聚?……