內(nèi)畫情

那是精粹在集結(jié)，那是旋律在凝固，那是詩韻在升華，那是靈魂在蘊蓄……初識內(nèi)畫壺，我便深深愛上了它。

人在旅途，所遇之人或是所見之景，未必記得十分清楚。幸好有時能帶回洋溢地方特色的手工藝品，把人的思緒拉回數(shù)年前甚至數(shù)十年前。家中珍藏的冀派內(nèi)畫大師王習三之精作，便佐證這個說法。

22年了！每每在茶余飯后，細細把玩手感滑潤、晶瑩剔透的內(nèi)畫壺，那一段不同尋常的采寫經(jīng)歷便漸行漸近……

1996年，秋風初起，我國“大京九”鐵路線開通運營。受報社總編輯指派，我與編輯部主任沿“大京九線”站點所在的旅游城市采訪。歷時一個月，邊走邊寫，在報紙頭版連載。入住的第一個城市，就是河北省衡水市。

抵達衡水迎賓館，該市外辦主任激情介紹，說衡水有“三絕”值得描述。一是徐氏金魚，二是侯店毛筆，第三就是享譽海外的鼻煙壺。

金魚，在我孩童時代就每日遇見。天棚魚缸石榴樹，先生肥狗胖丫頭’是老北京四合院的主題標配。毛筆，從小喜愛書法的我，曾把在京城琉璃廠尋覓名紙名筆作為樂趣。即便如此，讓我最感興趣的，就是“偶見其貌，不知其理”的河北（冀中）內(nèi)畫壺。

走進展館，五光十色、形態(tài)各異、大小不一、晶瑩剔透的內(nèi)畫工藝品，讓我目不暇接。襲來的“醉惑感”浸透我的眼、我的心。那是精粹在集結(jié)，那是旋律在凝固，那是詩韻在升華，那是靈魂在蘊蓄……初識內(nèi)畫壺，我便深深愛上了它。

我發(fā)現(xiàn)，內(nèi)畫工藝品中的鼻煙壺，在所有工藝品中取材最廣。是集燒瓷、料器、玉石雕琢、金漆鑲嵌、雕漆、景泰藍、象牙、竹木雕刻、金屬工藝、書法、繪畫等多種技藝之大成。我在驚奇瀏覽中多次看到，一隊隊旅游外賓手握精巧的鼻煙壺，眼里閃動驚奇的目光。我凝神賞讀，但見聚焦方寸之間、凸顯氣景萬千的鼻煙壺內(nèi)壁，畫風獨特、畫面生動。或幽谷神潭、或閑庭翠竹、或深山大隱、或花鳥魚蟲、或人物寫真、或民間嬉戲、或鮮果菜蔬、或文房四寶……我深為靈慧、聰穎的民間文化遺產(chǎn)自豪。這種用舶來品的包裝研制成的工藝精品，讓世界嘆服、稱慕。堪稱“化平俗為神奇”！

當晚，我在賓館客房翻閱內(nèi)畫壺的史料，瀏覽相機中存入的內(nèi)畫圖片，思憶著“她”的前世今生，久久不能入睡。窗簾之上，竹影搖曳。庭院的月光，清輝柔曼。在我若夢若醒時，姿容清麗、小巧玲瓏的“她”，開始向我“深情述源”……

明朝萬歷九年（公元1581年）意大利傳教士利瑪竇到中國傳教時，把鼻煙帶到中國，當作醒腦、提神、明目祛疾的防疫藥品。鼻煙煙粉分黑紫、老黃、嫩黃等色，味分膳、豆、糊、甜等味兒，以甜味為佳。使用時，只需將調(diào)制的少許鼻煙抹在鼻孔外、輕嗅后，打出噴嚏，氣順脈暢。當時，進口鼻煙的價格昂貴，只有富閑之人，才有條件染此嗜好。

康熙、乾隆年間，京城朝野多嗜鼻煙。王公大臣、富家子弟在鼻煙包裝、器皿上開始爭奇斗勝，煙壺、煙匙、煙碟的工藝制作趨向“珍”“奇”，繼而成為炫耀門第的飾品。

清初，鼻煙壺有四種原料制成。陶瓷類鼻煙壺，是數(shù)量較大的一類，品類分斗彩、粉彩、五彩、祭紅、抹紅、珊瑚釉、青花、哥窯等無所不具，造型也分爆竹筒式、扁方、圓筒、人物形狀等。及至乾隆年間，鼻煙壺制作進入了黃金年代。興趣廣泛、風流儒雅的“風流帝”對品賞古玩、字畫很是著迷。因此，琺瑯彩鼻煙壺及新增的多類材料鼻煙壺技藝達巔。

這是一個創(chuàng)意勁爆的時代。當年月，除了瓷制鼻煙壺外，還推出玉石類、料器類鼻煙壺。玉石類鼻煙壺的珍品，當屬名玉籽料制作的素白扁形鼻煙壺。南陽玉、藍田玉、東北岫巖玉等玉石制作的成品雖次之，卻也不乏傳世揚名的佳作。

當今展現(xiàn)人們手中的內(nèi)畫鼻煙壺，絕大多數(shù)為人造水晶玻璃燒制。價值取向，在于是否為“人工精品”。藝人用竹制狼毫筆探進只有黃豆粒大小的瓶口，反手繪畫，壺內(nèi)或現(xiàn)層林疊嶺;或現(xiàn)鬧市城郭，壺內(nèi)壁，可展大千世界。

“她”見我詢問內(nèi)畫鼻煙壺的起

源，表情有些復雜。說真正源頭，無從查考。只有兩則故事廣泛流傳。其一，清道光年間，一位能書善畫的窮文人喜好鼻煙，但無錢購煙粉，只好用一根竹筷拱煙壺內(nèi)壁殘留的煙垢解癮。那日，他突然發(fā)現(xiàn)，筷子在玻璃壺內(nèi)壁上劃出的條條道道很好看，就將筷子削尖，試著在壺內(nèi)壁，上畫些梅、蘭、竹、菊之類的花卉，又試著到市場上出售，竟因此成為富商。其二，19世紀初，一位畫家在旅途中吸嗅鼻煙后，忽生靈感畫了一幅微型彩畫，放置鼻煙壺內(nèi)，一則為了避免其作品受損，二則便于觀賞玻璃壺內(nèi)的畫作。他偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn)，畫稿在透明的壺內(nèi)不僅顯得完整精致，還顯得色墨潤澤，淡雅盈趣，遂試驗出內(nèi)畫之法……

夜深之時，“她”道出內(nèi)畫壺的創(chuàng)作過程，讓我在拍案驚奇中睡意全無……

若使“內(nèi)畫方寸間”展萬千氣象，須用心靈與藝術(shù)融會貫通，把自身與畫面融為一體，把手、眼、身、法、步（步驟）發(fā)揮到極致，方可把山川林澗、亭臺樓閣、花鳥魚蟲聚于掌中，形象生動、精美考究。

內(nèi)畫之筆說來簡單：把竹簽一頭削尖弄彎，制成鉤形細竹筆，飽蘸顏色后，由細小的瓶口深入壺內(nèi)壁，作畫時既不能打草稿也不可涂改，畫者反向作畫，須胸有成竹，一氣呵成。

隨著文化傳承、發(fā)展的不斷深入，內(nèi)畫工藝方面也與時俱進，把內(nèi)畫藝術(shù)水平推上新的高度。表現(xiàn)之一，是藝人將內(nèi)畫的顏色由水色改為瓷色，經(jīng)高溫固色后，解決了內(nèi)畫遇水色淡的問題;表現(xiàn)之二，是將竹筆改為羊、狼豪筆，狼毫勾勒輪廓、羊毫敷彩，使畫面在壺內(nèi)既顯得纖毫畢現(xiàn)，又不失其飽滿圓潤。內(nèi)畫壺的畫面，由此從單調(diào)、簡單，改為既豐富又突出大場面。如：火柴盒大小的鼻煙壺內(nèi)壁上，繪有我國名著《水滸》中的一百零八位好漢;一個四平方寸的鼻煙壺，繪上了《洛陽興殿圖》中的五百余個人物，特別是“國禮”一款內(nèi)畫壺，委實讓觀者震撼——壺內(nèi)壁上，竟清晰、精美地繪上了《清明上河圖》部分場面。每用放大鏡細賞，都有穿越時空般享受。

我對“她”說，內(nèi)畫工藝是創(chuàng)意結(jié)晶，是藝人的心血。百余年來，贊美“她”的詩不多，而“她”本身，就是一首詩。

天色漸明。“她”與我談興未減。話題，轉(zhuǎn)向“講究”二字。原來，欲現(xiàn)一個“方寸間蘊千里勢”的“壺里乾坤”“講究”二字最為看重。壺胎用料須精選，講究外形美觀、平滑光亮，內(nèi)壁薄厚均勻、磨砂平整細膩。上等內(nèi)畫壺的構(gòu)思構(gòu)圖，是產(chǎn)品優(yōu)劣的關(guān)鍵。所謂“意在筆先”“胸有成竹”，用來描述內(nèi)畫藝人落筆前的“慎思”。一旦動筆勾線造型，注意力須高度集中，排除雜念，平心靜氣。此時，指端差之毫厘，手中品相則差之千里。“點石成金”，往往在此一舉。

我倏然感悟——內(nèi)畫工藝的情愫、藝感、靈慧，以及“有容乃大”，似乎含有幾分禪理。

秋日的清晨，雖視野有些蕭索但心境疏朗。我與“她”揮別后，在庭院內(nèi)漫步，聯(lián)想內(nèi)畫與人生的某些關(guān)聯(lián)……

Love inside painting

AuthorFeng Xinsheng （Beijing）

TranslatorJin Zi（Beijing）

People who are on the road， whatthey encounter， or what they see， maynot be very clear. Fortunately， sometimesyou can bring back handicrafts thatare full of local characteristics， and pullpeople's thoughts back a few yearsor even decades ago. This book issupported by the masterpiece of WangXisan， the master of the paintings in thefamily.

22 years！ Every time after a meal，I carefully play the inner and inner potsthat are smooth and crystal clear， andthe unusual writing experience graduallyapproaches...

In 1996， at the beginning of theautumn wind， China’ s“Dajingjiu' I”railway line was opened for operation.Appointed by the editor-in-chief of thenewspaper， I interviewed the directorof the editorial department along thetourist city where the“ Daljing Jiujiu” site is located. It lasted for a month，while walking and writing， serialized onthe front page of the newspaper. Thefirst city to stay is Hengshui City， HebeiProvince.

Arrived at Hengshui Guest House，the director of the city's foreign affairsoffice introduced the passion and saidthat Hengshui has a \"three musts\" worthdescribing. One is the Xu's goldfish， the second is the Houdian brush， and the third is the famous snuff bottle.

Goldfish， I met every day as a child.\"Tianzi fish tank pomegranate tree， Mr.fat dog fat steamed bread\" is the theme of the old Beijing courtyard. Brush， I love calligraphy from childhood， I used to find famous papers in Beijing Liulichang as fun. Even so， what I am most interested in is the painting pot in Hebei （冀中），which is“occasionally seen and not known'

Walking through the pavilion， the colorful paintings， the different shapes，the different sizes， and the crystal-clear interior paintings make me dazzled.The \"intoxication\" that came in was soaking my eyes and my heart. That isthe essence of the assembly， that is， the melody is solidifying， that is， the poetry is sublimating， that is， the soul is in the accumulation... The first time I paint the pot， I fell in love with it.

I found that the snuff bottles in the inner paintings were the most widelyused in all crafts. It is a collection of porcelain， material， jade carving，gold lacquer inlay， lacquer， cloisonne，ivory， bamboo carving， metal craft，calligraphy， painting and many others kills. I have seen many times in the surprise browsing， a team of foreign tourists holding a delicate snuff bottle，eyes flashingamazedeyes.I am fascinated byreading， but Isee the inner wall of the snuff bottle that focuses on the squareinchandhighlightsthe unique sceneryand vividpicture. Or幽谷神潭， or閑庭翠竹， or deep mountains， or birds and flowers， or character portraits， or folk play， or fresh fruit vegetables， or four treasures of the study... I am proud of the spiritual and intelligent folk cultural heritage. This kind of craftsmanship made from the packaging of imported goods makes the world admire and admire. It can be called \"chemicalization is magical”！

That night， I flipped through the historical materials of the painting pot in the hotel room， and browsed the pictures in the camera. I remembered the past and present of her， and could not sleep for a long time. Above the curtains， the bamboo shadows sway. The moonlight of the courtyard is clear and soft. When I woke up in a dream， the \"her\"， who was beautiful and small， began to \"deeply describe the source\" to me…

"In the nine years of the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty （AD 1581）， when the Italian missionary Matteo Ricci went to China to teach， he brought snuff to China and used it as an anti-epidemic drug for refreshing， refreshing， andeyesight. Snuff smoke powder is divided into purple， old yellow， tender yellow and other colors， tastes divided into meals， beans， paste， sweet and other flavors， preferably sweet. When using， just apply a lttle bit of nasal smoke to the outside of the nostrils， lightly sniff， sneeze， smooth and smooth. At that time， the price of imported snuff was expensive， and only those who were leisurely had the conditions to dye this hobby.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong， there were many snuffers in the Bejing city. The ministers of the princes and the rich families began to compete in the snuff packs and utensils. The crafts of the smokers， the spoons and the cigarettes tended to be \"Zhen\" and \"odd\"， and then became the jewelry of the show.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty， the snuff bottle was made of four raw materials. Ceramic snuff bottles are a large number of categories， such as bucket color， pastel， multicolored， red， red， coral glaze， blue and white， Ge Kiln， etc.， the shape is also divided into bamboo tube， flat，cylinder， character shape， etc. During the Qianlong period， snuff bottle making entered the golden age. The \"Fengliu Emperor\" with a wide range of interests and elegance is very fascinated by the appreciation of antiques and calligraphy. Therefore， the enamel snuff bottle and the new multi-material material snuff bottle skills have reached a high level.

This is an era of creative and explosive. In the same month， in addition to the porcelain snuff bottle， a jade and material snuff bottle was also introduced. The treasure of jadesnuff bottle is a plain white snuff bottle made of famous jade seed material. The finished products made by jade such as Nanyang Yu， L .antian Jade， and Northeast Xiuyan jade are second， but there are also many famous works that have been famous.

Most of the inner painting snuff bottles that show people's hands today are made of artificial crystal glass. The value orientation lies in whether it is \"artificial quality.\" The artist uses the bamboo wolf to probe into the bottle mouth of only the size of the soy bean， the backhand painting， the inside of the pot or the current Linlinling; or the downtown city Guo， the inner wall of the pot， can display the world.

“She”saw me asking about the origin of the painted snuff bottle， and the expression was a bit complicated. To say the true source， there is no way to check. Only two stories are widely circulated. First， during the Qing Daoguang years， a poor literati who could paint good pictures liked snuff， but he had no money to buy cigarette powder， so he had to use a bamboo chopsticks to stick to the residual dirt on the inner wall of the smoker. On that day， he suddenly found out that the chopsticks on the inner wall of the glass pot looked very good. He sharpened the chopsticks and tried to draw flowers such as plum， orchid， bamboo and chrysanthemum on the inner wall of the pot. When it was sold on the market， it became a wealthy businessman. Second， in the early 19th century， after a painter sniffed snuff on the road， he was inspired to draw a miniature color painting， placed in a snuff bottle，one to avoid damage to his work， and the other to facilitate viewing inside the glass pot. Paintings. He occasionally found that the draft was not only complete and exquisite in the transparent pot， but also appeared in the color and ink， elegant and interesting， and experimented with the method of painting inside…

At the end of the night， \"She\" tells the creative process of the inner painting pot， which makes me sleepless in the surprise of shooting…

If you want to display the \"inside paintings\"， you must use your mind and art to integrate and integrate yourself with the picture. Hands， eyes， body， law， steps （steps） are brought to the extreme， and you can take the mountains and rivers， The pavilions， flowers， birds and fish worms gather in the palm of the hand， the image is vivid and exquisite.

The pen of the inner painting is simple： the bamboo stick is sharply bent and made into a hook-shaped fine bamboo pen. After the color is full， the small bottle mouth is deep into the inner wall of the pot， and the draft can neither be drafted nor altered. In the opposite direction of painting， you must have a good grasp of the chest.’ With the continuous deepening of cultural inheritance and development， the internal painting process has also kept pace with the times， pushing the level of internal painting art to a new height. One of the performances is that the artist changes the color of the painting from water to porcelain. After fixing at high temperature， it solves the problem of water color in the innerpainting. The second performance is to change the bamboo pen to sheep and wolf pen. The outline and the sheep are colored， so that the picture is both in the pot and without losing its fullness and roundness. The picture of the inner pot is changed from monotonous and simple to rich and prominent. For example， on the inner wall of a matchbox-sized snuff bottle， there are one hundred and eight heroes in the famous \"Water Margin\" in China; a four-square-inch snuff bottle is painted on more than five hundred in the \"Luoyang Xingdian Map\" The characters， especially the \"National Gifts\"， a painting pot， made the audience shocked-on the inner wall of the pot， the scenes of \"The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival\" were clearly and beautifully painted. Every time you use a magnifying glass， you can enjoy it through time and space.

I told her that the inner painting process is a creative crystallization andis the artist's hard work. For more than a hundred years， there have been few poems praising \"her\" ， and \"she\" itself is a poem.

It is getting clearer. \"She\" talked with me about it. The topic turned to the word \"pay attention\". It turns out that the word \"sweet\" and \"satisfaction\" in the \"pots of thousands of miles\" are most valued. The material used for the pot tires must be selected， paying attention to the beautiful appearance， smooth and bright， the inner wall is thin and even， and the matte is smooth and delicate. The conceptual composition of the superior painting pot is the key tothe quality of the product. The so-called \"intentional pen first\" and \"thinking in the chest\" is used to describe the \"deliberate thinking\" before the end of the artist. Once the hook line is shaped， the attention must be highly concentrated to eliminate distracting thoughts and calm down. At this point， the fingertip difference is a few centimeters， and the phase of the hand is a thousand miles. \"Point stone into gold\" is often here.

I suddenly feel that the feelings of the inner painting process， the sense of art， the wisdom， and the \"tolerance is big\" seem to contain some meditation.

In the early morning of autumn， although the field of vision is somewhat embarrassing， the mood is ambiguous. After I said goodbye to \"her\"， I walked in the courtyard， and some associations between Lenovo's paintings and life…